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Floodplain ecogeomorphic processes: interactions between floodplain forest characteristics, wood accumulations, and hydrogeomorphology

洪泛区生态地貌过程：洪泛区森林特征、木材积累和水文地貌之间的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
2125441
负责人：
Katherine Lininger
金额：
$ 40.72万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2125441&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Floodplain ecogeomorphic processes interactions between

项目摘要

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). Downed, dead pieces of wood in rivers and floodplains influence physical and ecological processes in river systems. Many river restoration efforts use wood to provide habitat for organisms, but wood on floodplains can also create habitat. However, very little is known about how wood is moved onto floodplains by rivers and then moved from floodplains back to river channels. This project uses scaled physical models of rivers and floodplains (flumes), numerical modeling, and fieldwork to determine how flooding, forest characteristics, and physical characteristics of rivers and floodplains cause the deposition of wood onto floodplains. The results of the project will be presented to the river restoration community. The project will also create educational lessons using flumes for K-12, undergraduate, and graduate level students.Downed, dead wood on the floodplain influences geomorphic processes and provides ecological benefits to river corridors. However, understanding the interactions between floodplain vegetation, wood, and hydrogeomorphology is a new frontier in geomorphic research, and numerical modeling of wood transport and deposition has only recently been developed. This project combines flume experiments, numerical modelling, and field observations integrating floodplain forest stand characteristics, hydrogeomorphology, and wood transport and deposition during floods to assess the controls on wood deposition in floodplains and subsequent wood remobilization. The research objectives include (1) understanding the role of the forest stand density on the deposition and storage of wood in floodplains, (2) unravelling the importance of floodplain and channel morphology on floodplain wood dynamics, and (3) assessing overbank flow conditions needed to deposit and remobilize wood onto and from the floodplain to better understand wood jam formation and persistence. Flume experiments will simulate different forest stand densities, overbank flow conditions, and wood transport regimes. The data gathered during the physical experiments will provide baseline information needed to develop empirical relationships for floodplain flow-forest-wood-morphologic interactions. The flume experiments will be used to test and enhance a 2D hydrodynamic model to further explore wood dynamics on floodplains, which will then be applied to a field site where large amounts of floodplain wood jams are present due to a recent flooding event. The results of the project will be disseminated to management agencies and restoration groups in the US and Europe that are incorporating floodplain wood into efforts to enhance floodplain ecosystem functioning. This project will also develop K-12, undergraduate, and graduate level flume laboratory assignments and lessons on floodplain dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分根据2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。河流和洪泛平原中倒下的死木会影响河流系统的物理和生态过程。许多河流恢复工作使用木材为生物提供栖息地，但洪泛平原上的木材也可以创造栖息地。然而，很少有人知道木材是如何被河流运到洪泛平原，然后从洪泛平原回到河道。该项目使用河流和洪泛平原（水槽）的比例物理模型，数值模拟和实地考察，以确定洪水，森林特性，河流和洪泛平原的物理特性如何导致木材沉积到洪泛平原。该项目的成果将提交给河流恢复社区。该项目还将利用水槽为K-12、本科生和研究生开设教育课程。洪泛平原上倒下的枯木影响地貌过程，并为河流走廊提供生态效益。然而，了解河漫滩植被，木材和水文地貌之间的相互作用是一个新的前沿地貌研究，木材运输和沉积的数值模拟只是最近才发展起来。该项目结合水槽实验，数值模拟，并结合洪泛区森林的特点，水文地貌，木材运输和沉积在洪水期间的实地观察，以评估控制洪泛区的木材沉积和随后的木材再活化。研究目标包括：（1）了解林分密度对洪泛区木材沉积和储存的作用，（2）揭示洪泛区和河道形态对洪泛区木材动态的重要性，（3）评估存款和重新动员木材进入和离开洪泛区所需的漫滩水流条件，以更好地了解木材堵塞的形成和持续性。水槽实验将模拟不同的林分密度，漫滩流条件，木材运输制度。在物理实验过程中收集的数据将提供所需的基线信息开发经验关系河漫滩流森林木材形态的相互作用。水槽实验将用于测试和增强二维水动力学模型，以进一步探索洪泛区的木材动力学，然后将其应用于现场，由于最近的洪水事件，大量的洪泛区木材堵塞。该项目的成果将传播给美国和欧洲的管理机构和恢复团体，这些机构和团体正在将洪泛区木材纳入加强洪泛区生态系统功能的努力中。该项目还将开发K-12、本科生和研究生水平的水槽实验室作业和洪泛区动力学课程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。