Collaborative Research: Cloud Radiative Impact on the Surface Energy Budget of the Antarctic Peninsula

合作研究：云辐射对南极半岛表面能量收支的影响

• 批准号: 2127632
• 负责人: Penny Rowe
• 金额: $ 21.12万
• 依托单位: NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2127632&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cloud; Radiative; Impact

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP; AP) has been warming faster than the global average since the mid-1960s. Concurrent mobilization of ice shelves has been associated with glacial discharge into the ocean, with important implications for global sea level rise. This work will enhance our understanding of the contributions of clouds, water vapor and surface radiation to warming over the WAP. Processes governing phase partitioning and amounts of supercooled liquid water are crucial for understanding surface melt, and will be explored. In addition, the role of clouds and moisture during foehn and atmospheric river (AR) events, will be characterized. Clouds and atmospheric water vapor have strong radiative signals that vary seasonally and with cloud properties. This work will lead to a better understanding of how clouds are impacting surface melt on the AP in the changing climate. In addition, the proposed work will include several undergraduate research projects. Finally, broader impacts include public outreach through participation in GeoWeek at Ohio State University and Polar Science Weekend at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, WA. It is crucial to human welfare to understand mechanisms responsible for the rapid pace of Antarctic ice loss. This work will lead to a better understanding of how clouds are impacting surface melt on the WAP in the changing climate. The project will use surface- and satellite-based measurements to characterize clouds and humidity. The project maximizes value by using a variety of previous, ongoing, and planned measurements made by an international group of collaborators, along with measurements and model (AMPS, Polar-WRF) results. These will be used to quantify clouds, water vapor, and radiation and their effects on the surface energy balance at three strategically-located stations: Rothera (upwind of the WAP), Marambio (downwind of the WAP) and Escudero (north of the WAP), in order to provide a detailed characterization of cloud radiative and precipitation-formation properties and their role in surface warming and melt events. These mechanisms lead to the following hypotheses: 1) Through their effect on the surface energy balance, clouds play an important role in surface warming on the AP; this role is seasonally varying and sensitive to cloud thermodynamic phase, 2) Radiative heating during foehn events is an important contributor to warming at the northern AP, and 3) The radiative effects of clouds and water vapor have strong influences on heating before and during AR events, with significant differences on the two sides of the WAP.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分由《2021年美国救援计划法案》（公法117-2）资助。自20世纪60年代中期以来，南极半岛西部（WAP； AP）的变暖速度超过了全球平均水平。冰架的同时移动与冰川向海洋排放有关，这对全球海平面上升具有重要影响。这项工作将增强我们对云、水蒸气和地表辐射对WAP变暖的贡献的理解。控制相分配和过冷液态水数量的过程对于理解表面融化是至关重要的，并且将被探索。此外，还分析了云和湿度在风和大气河（AR）事件中的作用。云和大气中的水蒸气具有强烈的辐射信号，这些信号随季节和云的性质而变化。这项工作将使人们更好地了解在气候变化的情况下，云是如何影响AP表面融化的。此外，建议的工作将包括几个本科研究项目。最后，更广泛的影响包括通过参与俄亥俄州立大学的“地理周”和华盛顿州西雅图太平洋科学中心的“极地科学周末”向公众宣传。了解导致南极冰层快速消融的机制对人类的福祉至关重要。这项工作将使人们更好地了解在气候变化的情况下，云是如何影响地表融化对WAP的影响的。该项目将使用基于地面和卫星的测量来描述云和湿度的特征。该项目通过使用由国际合作小组进行的各种先前的、正在进行的和计划中的测量，以及测量和模型（AMPS, Polar-WRF）结果，实现了价值最大化。这些数据将用于量化云、水蒸气和辐射及其对三个战略位置站点的地表能量平衡的影响：Rothera （WAP的逆风）、Marambio （WAP的下风）和Escudero （WAP的北侧），以便提供云辐射和降水形成特性的详细特征及其在地表变暖和融化事件中的作用。这些机制导致以下假设：1)云通过对地表能量平衡的影响，在AP地表增温中起重要作用；2)焚烧事件期间的辐射加热是AP北部变暖的重要贡献因子；3)AR事件前和AR事件期间，云和水汽的辐射效应对AP北部变暖有较强的影响，且在WAP两侧差异显著。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Evaluation of Temperature‐Dependent Complex Refractive Indices of Supercooled Liquid Water Using Downwelling Radiance and In‐Situ Cloud Measurements at South Pole

利用南极下降流辐射和原位云测量评估过冷液态水的温度相关复折射率

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035182
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Rowe, Penny M.;Walden, Von P.;Brandt, Richard E.;Town, Michael S.;Hudson, Stephen R.;Neshyba, Steven
• 通讯作者: Neshyba, Steven