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IntBIO COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Deep Time, Development, and Design: Evolution of shark skin teeth from genotype to phenotype to prototype.

IntBIO 合作研究：深度时间、开发和设计：鲨鱼皮牙从基因型到表型再到原型的进化。

基本信息

批准号：
2128032
负责人：
Gareth Fraser
金额：
$ 76.64万
依托单位：
University of Florida
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-08-15 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2128032&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
IntBIO COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH Deep Time

项目摘要

The skin of sharks is unique among vertebrate animals because it contains tooth-like scales, called dermal denticles, that create a hard external armor. These tooth-like denticles evolved over millions of years and equip the shark with hydrodynamic skin that reduces the cost of moving through the water. This advanced streamlining is currently a subject of great interest, with many industries attempting to take advantage of shark skin technology to create more efficient swimming designs. This project aims to provide a complete integrated understanding of shark denticles: how they form in embryonic sharks, how denticle shape has changed over years of evolution, and which denticle types are the best for drag-reduction and further design advances. This knowledge will enable better use of shark skin technology to make advanced design solutions that help to make a better and more environmentally friendly world. For example, one possible use of shark skin technology is the development of surface structures on airplanes or boats to reduce drag during movement and decrease fuel emissions. In addition to its scientific impact, this project has impact on the STEM workforce by supporting principal investigators and trainees across a wide range of career stages and by providing a unique, much-needed accessible research training program for undergraduates with disabilities in interdisciplinary research. The shape and pattern of shark skin teeth, or denticles, has been refined over millions of years of evolution for functional improvements in aquatic locomotion. This project addresses the evolutionary and developmental trajectories that have led to a vast diversity of shark skin denticle types with the goals of determining why sharks have different shaped denticles among and within species and what functional advantages these different denticle shapes might offer these animals. From an integrated developmental, genetic, and evolutionary framework, the project will investigate how denticles develop and what factors lead to changes in shape. The approach will include studies of embryonic denticle development from the level of single cell transcriptomics to phenotypes and function to learn what key genes are essential to the production of various denticle shapes in a range of shark species and how these shapes are achieved via developmental innovation. Goals include understanding what shapes are most efficient for drag-reduction in both modern and extinct species to enable modeling and testing of new engineering designs to reduce drag in air- and water-borne vehicles and devices. Combining 3D printing with engineering methods, new shark-inspired surface structures will be used to create a shift in design solutions for a changing and more environmentally friendly world.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

鲨鱼的皮肤在脊椎动物中是独一无二的，因为它含有齿状鳞片，称为真皮小齿，形成坚硬的外甲。这些牙齿状的小齿经过数百万年的进化，为鲨鱼配备了流体动力皮肤，从而降低了在水中移动的成本。这种先进的流线型设计目前引起了人们极大的兴趣，许多行业都试图利用鲨鱼皮技术来创造更高效的游泳设计。该项目旨在提供对鲨鱼小齿的完整综合理解：它们在胚胎鲨鱼中是如何形成的，小齿形状在多年的进化中如何变化，以及哪种小齿类型最适合减阻和进一步的设计进步。这些知识将有助于更好地利用鲨鱼皮技术来制定先进的设计解决方案，帮助创造一个更美好、更环保的世界。例如，鲨鱼皮技术的一种可能用途是开发飞机或船只的表面结构，以减少运动过程中的阻力并减少燃料排放。除了其科学影响外，该项目还通过支持各个职业阶段的主要研究者和受训人员，并为从事跨学科研究的残疾本科生提供独特的、急需的无障碍研究培训计划，对 STEM 劳动力产生影响。鲨鱼皮齿或小齿的形状和图案经过数百万年的进化而不断完善，以改善水中运动的功能。该项目研究了导致鲨鱼皮肤细齿类型多种多样的进化和发育轨迹，其目标是确定为什么鲨鱼在物种之间和内部具有不同形状的细齿，以及这些不同的细齿形状可能为这些动物提供哪些功能优势。该项目将从综合的发育、遗传和进化框架出发，研究小齿如何发育以及哪些因素导致形状变化。该方法将包括从单细胞转录组学水平到表型和功能的胚胎齿状发育研究，以了解哪些关键基因对于一系列鲨鱼物种中各种齿状形状的产生至关重要，以及这些形状是如何通过发育创新实现的。目标包括了解什么形状对于现代和灭绝物种的减阻最有效，以便能够对新的工程设计进行建模和测试，以减少空中和水运车辆和设备的阻力。将 3D 打印与工程方法相结合，新的受鲨鱼启发的表面结构将用于为不断变化的、更加环保的世界创造设计解决方案的转变。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。