GOALI: Gas Phase PFAS and Organofluorine Release from AFFF: Measurement, Identification, and Exposure Mitigation

GOALI：水成膜泡沫中的气相 PFAS 和有机氟释放：测量、识别和暴露缓解

• 批准号: 2128407
• 负责人: David Hanigan
• 金额: $ 32.99万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2128407&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Gas; Phase; PFAS; Organofluorine

Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are used primarily to extinguish fuel fires. AFFFs consist of mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), chemicals that are toxic to humans. Their persistence in groundwater is well known, but less is known about their potential to become gasses and contaminate the air. This Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI) project will study the potential for a wide variety of PFASs contained in commercial AFFFs to be transported in the gas phase from different sources. The research will also investigate potential human exposure pathways from the released PFAS gasses. Successful completion of this research will advance knowledge on the fate and transport of PFASs, as well as provide data for use by remediation professionals, regulators, public health professionals, and other stakeholders to better understand the health risks of PFASs. Collaboration with the industrial partner will combine complimentary skillsets on PFAS fate and transport, provide test samples for laboratory study and model validation, as well as provide industrial training opportunities for student researchers. Additional benefits to society will result from outreach to families about chemical exposure through a partnership with a local non-governmental organization, thus increasing scientific literacy. AFFFs contain large concentrations of PFAS compounds. Recent results by the research team have shown that many PFASs are rapidly volatilized to the gas phase. Although the human health risk from exposure to PFASs in water is well characterized, comparatively little is known about human exposure to PFASs from gaseous sources. Such knowledge is critical to accurately assess exposure to population subsets such as firefighters that may be exposed to greater concentrations than the general population. The overarching goal of this GOALI project is to determine the release of gas-phase PFAS evolved from AFFF during handling, use, and from contaminated water. This research is guided by the underlying hypothesis that both volatile and aerosolized PFAS are released to the gas phase. The specific research objectives designed to test this hypothesis are to: i) investigate PFAS volatility, Henry’s law constants, and PFAS fragmentation via mass spectrometry, ii) identify and quantify gaseous AFFF-associated PFAS by total organofluorine, nontargeted, and targeted methods, and iii) determine potential gas phase transport pathways and mechanisms of exposure. Successful completion of this research will provide fundamental measurements relevant to the broad field of environmental PFAS contamination. The GOALI industrial partner, Geosyntec, will provide critical expertise and groundwater and vadose zone samples from active AFFF-contaminated sites to enable validation of gas-phase exposure predictions. The collaboration of academic and industry experts with complimentary expertise in PFAS occurrence, analytical chemistry, and vapor intrusion will greatly facilitate achieving the research objectives. Additional benefits result from measuring Henry’s law constants for PFAS compounds. These data will enable Geosyntec and the broader remediation industry to produce vapor intrusion models to more accurately assess PFAS fate and transport. This is a key outcome for industry, which cannot otherwise model intrusion due to the complete lack of data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

水成膜泡沫(AFF)主要用于扑灭燃料火灾。AFF由全氟烷基物质(PFAS)和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的混合物组成，这些物质对人体有害。它们在地下水中的持久性是众所周知的，但人们对它们成为气体并污染空气的可能性知之甚少。这一学术与工业联系机会(GOALI)项目将研究商业AFF中所含的各种全氟辛烷磺酸在气相中从不同来源输送的可能性。这项研究还将调查从释放的全氟辛烷磺酸气体中可能产生的人体接触途径。这项研究的成功完成将促进对全氟辛烷磺酸去向和运输的了解，并为补救专业人员、监管机构、公共卫生专业人员和其他利益攸关方提供数据，以更好地了解全氟辛烷磺酸的健康风险。与行业合作伙伴的合作将结合免费的PFAS命运和运输方面的技能，为实验室研究和模型验证提供测试样本，以及为学生研究人员提供行业培训机会。通过与当地非政府组织建立伙伴关系，向家庭宣传化学品暴露问题，将为社会带来更多好处，从而提高科学素养。AFF中含有大量的全氟辛烷磺酸化合物。研究小组最近的研究结果表明，许多全氟辛烷磺酸会迅速挥发到气相中。尽管暴露在水中的全氟辛烷磺酸对人类健康的风险已有很好的描述，但对人类暴露于气态来源的全氟辛烷磺酸的了解相对较少。这些知识对于准确评估暴露在可能比一般人群更高浓度的消防员等人群亚群中至关重要。这个GALI项目的首要目标是确定在处理、使用和从受污染的水中释放由AFFF演变而来的气相全氟辛烷磺酸。这项研究是以挥发性和气雾化全氟辛烷磺酸都释放到气相的基本假设为指导的。为检验这一假设而设计的具体研究目标是：i)通过质谱学研究PFAS的挥发性、亨利定律常数和PFAS的碎裂，ii)通过全有机氟、非靶标和靶标方法识别和量化与AFFF相关的气态PFAs，以及iii)确定潜在的气相传输途径和暴露机制。这项研究的成功完成将提供与环境全氟辛烷磺酸污染这一广泛领域相关的基本措施。Goali工业合作伙伴GeSyntec将提供关键的专业知识以及来自活跃的AFFF污染场地的地下水和包气带样本，以验证气相暴露预测。学术和行业专家在全氟辛烷磺酸的发生、分析化学和蒸汽入侵方面的专业知识将极大地促进研究目标的实现。通过测量全氟辛烷磺酸化合物的亨利定律常数，可以获得额外的好处。这些数据将使GeSyntec和更广泛的补救行业能够产生蒸汽入侵模型，以更准确地评估全氟化气的去向和运输。这对行业来说是一个关键的结果，因为完全缺乏数据，行业无法以其他方式模拟入侵。这一裁决反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Henry’s Law Constants of 15 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Determined by Static Headspace Analysis

• DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2022.100070
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters
• 作者: Ibrahim Abusallout;Chase Holton;Junli Wang;D. Hanigan

Thermal Decomposition of Two Gaseous Perfluorocarboxylic Acids: Products and Mechanisms

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08210
• 发表时间: 2023-04-05
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Wang, Junli;Song, Mingrui;Hanigan, David
• 通讯作者: Hanigan, David

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organofluorine in lakes and waterways of the northwestern Great Basin and Sierra Nevada

大盆地西北部和内华达山脉湖泊和水道中的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质以及有机氟

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166971
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: DeNicola, Michael;Lin, Zunhui;Quiñones, Oscar;Vanderford, Brett;Song, Mingrui;Westerhoff, Paul;Dickenson, Eric;Hanigan, David
• 通讯作者: Hanigan, David