Dimensions US-China: Collaborative Research: Quantifying the Impact of Eutrophication on the World's Grassland Soil Microbial Biodiversity and Functioning

维度 中美：合作研究：量化富营养化对世界草地土壤微生物生物多样性和功能的影响

• 批准号: 2129332
• 负责人: Elizabeth Borer
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129332&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; US; China; Collaborative; Research

Human activities are increasing the amount of biologically limiting nutrients, such nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), flowing into ecosystems on every continent, and this increased nutrient supply is causing dramatic impacts such as biodiversity loss. Microbes comprise most of the biodiversity on earth, and the diversity of microbes in the soil is a critical link in maintaining the health of our ecosystems. However, we have little understanding of how alteration of global nutrient supplies are affecting soil microbial diversity. The proposed work will quantify how increased nutrient supplies affect soil microbial diversity and how these changes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems around the world. The research will leverage a worldwide network of scientists, the Nutrient Network (NutNet), who are replicationg an identical nutrient-addition experiment at more than 100 grassland sites across 26 countries. Using this global research platform, this project will explore different ‘diversities’ of the soil microbes by counting their idenities (taxonomic diversity, TD), their evolutionary relationships (phylogenetic diversity, PD), the genes encoded in their DNA (genetic diversity, GD), and what they are doing (functional diversity, FD). The scientists on this research team will not only determine how these different dimensions of diversity respond to the nutrient change but also why they are changing. Are microbial communities changing because some microbes can grow better (abiotic filtering), compete or cooperate with other microbes or plants (biotic interactions), or are good or bad at migration (dispersal), or appear by chance (drift)? This project will develop new mathematical models to predict how nutrients change the diversity of soil microbes and their functions in different regions in the future. Broader impacts of this project include (i) increased public engagement and literacy in STEM via K12 education that will reach over 4,000 K-12 students including from under-served schools using NutNet plots set up for education at Cedar Creek and activities at Oklahoma; (ii) enhanced research infrastructure of the global NutNet collaboration, which benefits the greater research community via published data, provision of samples, and space for additional projects; and (iii) advanced training in international cross-disciplinary collaboration for project post-docs and students, that will generate a more competitive workforce to engage in systems-level problem solving for agriculture, environment, ecology and climate research.The project will use high throughput metagenomics technologies and integrative mathematical and statistical modeling to analyze soil grassland microbial diversity responses to experimental eutrophication along global gradients in climate, plant diversity, and edaphic conditions. The research will test theory-based predictions about the responses of soil microbes to nutrient supply across scales of space and time, generating novel insights into: (i) global patterns of soil microbial biodiversity (TD, PD, GD, FD) along broad gradients of climate, plant diversity, and edaphic conditions; (ii) the context-dependence and interactive effects of N and P supply on grassland soil microbial communities, nutrients, and soil C storage; (iii) the importance of plant, microbe and soil elemental stoichiometry for controlling the responses of microbial biodiversity and functioning to nutrient supply, as well as the role of plant-microbe interactions in mediating plant responses to nutrient addition; (iv) the relative importance of stochastic (e.g., dispersal) and deterministic (e.g., abiotic filtering, biotic interactions) processes controlling responses by each of the dimensions of microbial biodiversity to nutrient addition across global environmental and geographic gradients; (v) the importance of biodiversity and community assembly in controlling soil microbial ecosystem functioning, and the influence of environmental factors (e.g., soil, plant, climate, geography); (vi) potential “biomarkers” (key taxa or genes) of grassland soil functions; (vii) novel metagenomics-enabled ecosystem models for global simulation of grassland soil C dynamics; and (viii) model-inferred impacts of nutrient addition on soil C dynamics across biogeographic gradients in climate, plants and edaphic conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类活动正在增加生物学上限制的养分量，例如氮（N）和磷（P），流入每个大陆的生态系统，而这种增加的养分供应量正在引起巨大的影响，例如生物多样性损失。微生物包括地球上的大多数生物多样性，土壤中微生物的多样性是维持生态系统健康的关键联系。但是，我们对全球养分供应的改变如何影响土壤微生物多样性有很少的了解。拟议的工作将量化养分增加如何影响土壤微生物多样性，以及这些变化如何影响世界各地草地生态系统的功能。这项研究将利用一个全球科学家网络，即养分网络（NUTNET），他们在26个国家 /地区的100多个草原地点进行了相同的营养成立实验。使用这个全球研究平台，该项目将通过计算其身份（分类多样性，TD），其进化关系（系统发育多样性，PD），在其DNA（遗传多样性，GD）中编码的基因来探索土壤微生物的不同“多样性”。该研究团队的科学家不仅将确定这些不同的多样性方面如何响应养分变化，而且还会改变它们的变化。微生物群落是否在改变，因为某些微生物可以更好地生长（非生物过滤），与其他微生物或植物（生物相互作用）竞争或协调，或者在迁移（分散）方面是好是坏，还是偶然出现（漂移）？该项目将开发新的数学模型，以预测养分如何改变土壤微生物的多样性及其在不同地区的功能。该项目的更广泛影响包括（i）通过K12教育在STEM中提高公众参与和识字率，该教育将吸引4,000多名K-12学生，包括服务不足的学校，使用在Cedar Creek进行教育和俄克拉荷马州的活动的Nutnet图； （ii）增强了全球NutNet合作的研究基础设施，该协作通过公开的数据，样本提供和其他项目的空间受益于更大的研究社区； （iii）针对项目后的项目和学生进行国际跨学科合作的高级培训，这将产生更具竞争力的劳动力，以参与系统级别的问题解决方案，以进行一致，环境，生态学和气候研究。和edaphic条件。这项研究将测试基于理论的预测，这些预测对土壤微生物对跨时空范围的养分供应的反应，从而在以下情况下产生新的见解：（i）沿着广泛的气候，植物多样性和外形条件的沿广泛的土壤微生物生物多样性（TD，PD，PD，GD，FD）的全球模式； （ii）N和P供应对草原土壤微生物群落，养分和土壤C存储的上下文依赖性和交互作用； （iii）植物，微生物和土壤元素化学计量的重要性对于控制微生物生物多样性和对养分供应的功能的反应以及植物 - 微生物相互作用在介导植物对养分添加的反应中的作用； （iv）随机（例如，分散）和确定性（例如，非生物滤波，生物相互作用）的相对重要性通过微生物生物多样性对整个全球环境和地理毕业的营养添加的每个维度来控制反应，从而控制反应； （v）生物多样性和社区组装在控制土壤微生物生态系统功能以及环境因素（例如土壤，植物，气候，地理）的影响方面的重要性； （vi）草原土壤功能的潜在“生物标志物”（关键分类单元或基因）； （vii）新型基因组学生态系统模型，用于整体模拟草地土壤C动力学； （viii）营养添加对气候，植物和质量条件下生物地理梯度跨C的泥土动力学的模型所产生的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响标准的智力优点通过评估来评估的。

项目成果

Pitfalls and pointers: An accessible guide to marker gene amplicon sequencing in ecological applications

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13764
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Anita Porath‐Krause;Alexander T. Strauss;Jeremiah A. Henning;E. Seabloom;E. Borer

Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13664
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Global Ecology and Biogeography
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: A. Risch;S. Zimmermann;M. Schütz;E. Borer;A. Broadbent;M. Caldeira;K. Davies;N. Eisenhauer