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Collaborative Research: LTREB Renewal: Long-Term Dynamics of Amphibian Populations Following Disease-Driven Declines

合作研究：LTREB 更新：疾病驱动的衰退后两栖动物种群的长期动态

基本信息

批准号：
2133401
负责人：
Mark Wilber
金额：
$ 4.77万
依托单位：
University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-05-01 至 2027-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2133401&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research LTREB Renewal Long

项目摘要

This project will examine the processes of invasion of a novel pathogen into a population for the case of a fungal pathogen that causes the disease chytridiomycosis in frogs and salamanders. Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as major threats, not just to human populations but also to wildlife, and they increasingly threaten global biodiversity. The initial invasion of a novel pathogen into a susceptible host population can cause a disease outbreak resulting in high levels of mortality and declines in population size. When this happens, natural selection can occur for both the host and pathogen populations resulting in evolutionary changes in the host's susceptibility and tolerance to infection by the pathogen and the pathogen's ability to damage the host (virulence). These changes can in turn determine whether the host population can persist and recover from the disease. Understanding these evolutionary processes is crucial in development of conservation strategies for threatened species. Chytridiomycosis has had catastrophic effects on amphibians worldwide, and has been linked to numerous species extinctions in recent decades and many more species at risk. The researchers will investigate the patterns of evolutionary change in both the pathogen and the host (mountain yellow-legged frogs), following the invasion of the disease into hundreds of high elevation lakes in the California Sierra Nevada. This project will contribute to the understanding of the role of infectious diseases, such as chytridiomycosis, as agents of evolutionary change in natural populations. It will provide critical information to state and federal agencies, facilitating endangered species recovery and will train and educate undergraduates, graduate students, and the general public.This research builds on data from a long-term study of the population dynamics of mountain yellow-legged frogs (Rana sierrae and Rana muscosa) in the complex landscape of the California Sierra Nevada, and the affects of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) as it has invaded and spread through hundreds of frog populations. In most cases, invasion of Bd results in outbreaks of the disease chytridiomycosis, rapid frog population declines, and local extinctions. In some cases, long-term persistence of frog populations occurs with Bd in an enzootic state in which the impact of the pathogen is greatly reduced. The research will extend and leverage 25 years of host population and disease data and archived genetic samples from R. sierrae/R. muscosa and Bd. These resources will provide insight into how populations of both host and pathogen change during the transition from pre-pathogen arrival, to disease outbreak, to enzootic disease, to potential recovery of the pre-disease host population abundances. This dataset will be used to investigate the genetic basis for differences in host resistance/tolerance and pathogen virulence. Cutting-edge genomic analysis of existing frog and fungal samples will complement laboratory experiments on Bd virulence and frog susceptibility using Bd cultures and frog mucosal samples from wild host populations. Continued surveys of wild host populations will identify new disease outbreaks and describe the transition from initial outbreak to persistent enzootic state.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目将研究一种新的病原体入侵到一个种群的过程中的真菌病原体的情况下，导致疾病壶菌病在青蛙和蝾螈。人们日益认识到，新出现的传染病的爆发不仅对人类，而且对野生动物构成重大威胁，而且日益威胁到全球生物多样性。新病原体最初侵入易感宿主群体可引起疾病爆发，导致高水平的死亡率和群体规模的下降。当这种情况发生时，宿主和病原体种群都可能发生自然选择，导致宿主对病原体感染的易感性和耐受性以及病原体破坏宿主的能力（毒力）发生进化变化。这些变化反过来又可以决定宿主种群是否能够持续存在并从疾病中恢复。了解这些进化过程是至关重要的保护战略的发展受到威胁的物种。壶菌病对全世界的两栖动物造成了灾难性的影响，并与近几十年来许多物种的灭绝和更多处于危险之中的物种有关。研究人员将调查病原体和宿主（山地黄腿蛙）的进化变化模式，这些疾病入侵了加州塞拉内华达州的数百个高海拔湖泊。该项目将有助于理解传染病的作用，如壶菌病，作为自然种群进化变化的媒介。它将为州和联邦机构提供关键信息，促进濒危物种的恢复，并将培训和教育本科生、研究生和公众。在加州塞拉内华达州复杂的地形中，和影响的Batrachochytrium dendrobaetrium（Bd），因为它已经入侵和蔓延到数百个青蛙种群。在大多数情况下，Bd的入侵会导致壶菌病的爆发，青蛙种群的迅速下降和局部灭绝。在某些情况下，青蛙种群的长期持续性发生在Bd的地方病状态下，其中病原体的影响大大降低。这项研究将扩展和利用25年的宿主种群和疾病数据以及来自R.锡耶尔特河muscosa和Bd.这些资源将提供深入了解宿主和病原体的人口如何从病原体到达前，疾病爆发，地方流行病，疾病前宿主人口丰度的潜在恢复的过渡期间的变化。该数据集将用于研究宿主抗性/耐受性和病原体毒力差异的遗传基础。现有的青蛙和真菌样本的尖端基因组分析将补充实验室实验室的Bd毒力和青蛙的易感性，使用Bd文化和青蛙粘膜样本从野生宿主种群。对野生宿主种群的持续调查将确定新的疾病爆发，并描述从最初爆发到持续地方病状态的转变。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。