Theoretical and experimental investigation of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in zero gravity distillation by application of tailored capillary structures

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Zero gravity distillation is a separation process putting into practice the idea of process modularization and allowing the implementation of distillation process on micro scale. In this process, the fluid flow is driven by capillary forces, and this brings about several advantages. The previous investigations have shown that zero gravity distillation units have a similar separation performance as much higher conventional distillation columns. However, the further technology development in the field of zero gravity distillation is retarded due to the lack of design fundamentals. This is caused by the fact that the basic phenomena and subprocesses of zero gravity distillation are not yet sufficiently understood.The proposed project aims at the investigation of basic phenomena occurring in structural elements of the gravity distillation units as well as at the development of geometry-based design and optimization methods. To achieve these aims, multiscale modeling and high resolution experiments will be applied. As model capillary structures groove structures and capillary-porous structures will be chosen.In the theoretical and numerical part, the methods for the description of phenomena and subprocesses related to zero gravity distillation on single groove scale and on pore scale will be developed. The developed models will be integrated in a global model for the description of zero gravity distillation, which will be used to predict the effect of different capillary structures on separation efficiency.In experimental part, the transport processes will be studied in a laboratory-scale setup with exchangeable capillary structures. The temperature distribution in evaporator, condenser and in the separation area will be measured using thermocouples. The composition of the gas phase as well as of the bottom and distillate products will be determined using the FTIR method. For the capillary structures with large pores/grooves, the liquid distribution within the structure will be visualized.The results of the project will be used to optimize the geometry of capillary structures and the process parameters.