Simulations of the universe using modified newtonian dynamics

尽管协和宇宙学模型（<$CDM，<$-冷暗物质）包括大约28%的暗物质，4%的重子物质和68%的暗能量，但这个标准模型的预测和观测之间似乎存在相当明显的偏差。冷暗物质（CDM）危机的问题仍然存在：关于（星系）晕密度分布对数内斜率的精确值的争论仍在继续，关于卫星星系丰度的分歧也没有解决。虽然天文学界的普遍信念是修改和微调暗物质模型的参数，以达成协议，但很少有人花精力研究这种CDM危机的替代解决方案。在这个应用中，提出了另一种可能性，它是基于对牛顿第二运动定律的简单而震撼的调整，即修正的牛顿动力学或MOND。MOND理论的发展以及将其嵌入到广义相对论框架中的最新进展，使该理论成为一个非常有前途的暗物质替代理论。将MOND应用于宇宙结构形成的宇宙学N体模拟的第一步表明了相当令人放心的结果，支持这种激进的方法。然而，为了充分了解这一不寻常的理论，并更好地理解其预测能力，似乎不可避免地要重新审视这个问题，考虑到其制定的最新改进。

Despite the remarkable success of the concordance cosmological model (¿CDM, ¿-Cold-Dark- Matter) including about 28% dark matter, 4% baryonic matter and 68% dark energy there appear to be quite distinct deviations between predictions of this standard model and observations. The problems frequently summarized as cold dark matter (CDM) crisis still persist: the debate about the exact value of the logarithmic inner slope of the density profiles of (galactic) halos continues and the discrepancy about the abundance of satellite galaxies has not been resolved, too. While the general belief amongst the astronomical community is to modify and fine-tune the parameters of the dark mater model in order to move towards an agreement, little effort is spent investigating alternative solutions to this CDM crisis. In this application another possibility is put forward which is based upon a simple yet ground shaking adjustment to Newton s second law of motion, namely Modified Newtonian Dynamics or MOND. The recent progress in the development of MOND and the embedding of it into a general relativistic framework made this theory a highly promising alternative the dark matter. First steps of applying MOND to cosmological N-body-simulations of the structure formation in the Universe indicated rather reassuring results speaking in favour of this radical approach. However, to gain full insight into this unusual theory and to better understand its predictive power it appears unavoidable to revisit the subject taking into account the latest improvements in its formulation.