Doctoral Dissertation Research: Exploring the evolutionary origins of prestige in wild primates

博士论文研究：探索野生灵长类动物声望的进化起源

• 批准号: 2141766
• 负责人: Melissa Thompson
• 金额: $ 1.52万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-15 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2141766&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Exploring; evolutionary

Human leadership is thought to be unique compared to other animals in that it is often rooted in prestige rather than dominance. That is, instead of coercing others using physical intimidation, prestigious human leaders attract followers through admiration. Our closest living relatives provide crucial comparisons for understanding how the transition to prestige-based leadership happened in human evolutionary history. In some species, individuals maintain hierarchies that are defined by aggression but also show relatively extensive cooperation, which has been proposed to underlie human prestige. This doctoral dissertation research project investigates whether wild nonhuman primates exhibit some features of prestige-based leadership while at the same time keeping the dominance-based leadership seen in other animals. As part of this project, the investigators offer a leadership workshop for primary schools that emphasizes the value of cooperative leadership and opportunities for girls’ leadership while supporting scientific engagement and student-centered STEM learning.The investigators integrate an intensive field study with long-term hormonal and behavioral data from the community of wild nonhuman primates to be studied to conduct a comprehensive non-invasive exploration of leadership in these primates. To do so, they develop a novel statistical method to assess whether longitudinal stability of stress physiology is indicative of individual variation in temperament. Next, they examine whether consistently moderate stress responses and non-reactive temperaments that distinguish prestigious human leaders also predict tolerant, prosocial behavioral strategies in nonhuman primates. Finally, they probe how behavioral strategies contribute to leadership pathways rooted in dominance versus prestige, specifically asking whether prosociality incurs benefits via social attractiveness independently of conventional dominance rank.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与其他动物相比，人类的领导被认为是独一无二的，因为它通常源于声望而不是统治。也就是说，享有声望的人类领导人没有使用身体恐吓来强迫他人，而是通过接纳吸引追随者。我们最亲密的亲戚提供了关键的比较，以了解人类进化史上如何发生向基于声望的领导的过渡。在某些物种中，个体维持由侵略性定义但也表现出相对广泛的合作来定义的等级制度，这已提议为人类声望的基础。该博士学位论文研究项目研究了野生非人类私人是否表现出基于声望的领导力的某些特征，同时保持其他动物中基于优势的领导力。作为该项目的一部分，调查人员为小学提供了一个领导力研讨会，该讲习班强调了合作领导力的价值和对女孩领导的价值，同时支持科学参与和以学生为中心的STEM学习。研究人员将一项深入的现场研究与长期的Horseal和行为数据相结合，来自野生非人类私人社区的长期行为数据，以进行全面的非侵入性探索这些普遍的领导才能，以进行这些普遍的领导力。为此，他们开发了一种新型的统计方法，以评估压力生理的纵向稳定性是否表明了温度的个体变化。接下来，他们检查了区分享有声望的人类领导人的现代压力反应和非反应性温度是否也预测了非人类隐私中的亲社会行为策略。最后，他们探讨了行为策略如何促进源于支配地位与声望的领导力途径，特别是询问亲社会是否通过社会吸引力而独立于常规优势等级来造成收益。本奖反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估基金会的知识和更广泛的影响来诚实地认为，通过评估诚实地支持了支持。