SBE-UKRI: "Looked but failed to see" errors in human vision.

SBE-UKRI：人类视觉中的“看过但没看到”错误。

• 批准号: 2146617
• 负责人: Jeremy Wolfe
• 金额: $ 53.5万
• 依托单位: Brigham & Women's Hospital Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-15 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2146617&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBE; UKRI; Looked; but; failed

It often happens that we fail to notice something that is in plain view. Sometimes this can even be something that we are actively looking for, like typos in our writing. These “looked but failed to see” (LBFTS) errors can be potentially dangerous, as when a radiologist fails to see signs of cancer in a lung x-ray or a driver fails to see someone crossing the road. The aim of this project is to understand the source of these LBFTS errors and to investigate possible ways to reduce them.There are a variety of different causes that might lead someone to fail to report something that is clearly visible when pointed out. For example, some LBFTS errors can be thought of as a version of bad luck: You can't process everything, so only some stimuli get processed adequately. The experiments in Aim 1 investigate whether LBFTS errors in some tasks are random or whether there are attributes of the missed stimuli that make them less likely to be found. A second possibility, explored in Aim 2, is that there are perceptual biases within the functional visual field or useful field of view, defined as the region around the point where you are looking, within which you could find your target (even if you don’t). For example, if you are reading English, while you are looking at one word, you are biased to the next words to the right rather than to the words directly above or below where you are fixating. When reading Arabic or Hebrew, you would be biased to words on the left of your fixation point. The two principal investigators on this project have different ideas about where the biases in the functional visual field might come from and they exploit an "adversarial collaboration" in order to resolve these differences. Finally, Aim 3 is devoted to LBFTS errors that occur when doing one task but still "keeping an eye out" for other stimuli (e.g. when a doctor is examining a chest x-ray, it may show more than just the fractured rib about which the patient is complaining, such as a suspicious sign of cancer). The investigators will try to develop ways to help observers do their primary task while staying attuned to the possible occurrence of important but non-related events. If the sources of LBFTS errors can be identified and reduced, it could have a major impact on important societal arenas, such as medical image perception and traffic accidents.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们常常没有注意到一些显而易见的东西。有时这甚至可能是我们积极寻找的东西，比如我们写作中的错别字。这些“看了但没看到”（LBFTS）的错误可能是潜在的危险，比如放射科医生在肺部x光片中没能看到癌症的迹象，或者司机没能看到有人过马路。这个项目的目的是了解这些LBFTS误差的来源，并研究减少它们的可能方法。有各种不同的原因可能导致某人没有报告一些当被指出时清晰可见的东西。例如，一些LBFTS错误可以被认为是一种坏运气：你不能处理所有的事情，所以只有一些刺激得到了充分的处理。Aim 1的实验研究了LBFTS在某些任务中的错误是随机的，还是缺失刺激的属性使它们不太可能被发现。第二种可能性是在功能性视野或有用视野中存在感知偏差，定义为你所看的点周围的区域，你可以在其中找到你的目标（即使你没有）。例如，如果你正在阅读英语，当你在看一个单词时，你会偏向于右边的下一个单词，而不是你所关注的正上方或下方的单词。当你阅读阿拉伯语或希伯来语时，你会倾向于注视点左边的单词。该项目的两位主要研究人员对功能性视野中的偏见可能来自何处有不同的看法，他们利用“对抗性合作”来解决这些差异。最后，Aim 3致力于LBFTS错误，即在完成一项任务时发生的错误，但仍然“留意”其他刺激（例如，当医生检查胸部x光片时，它可能显示的不仅仅是患者抱怨的肋骨骨折，比如癌症的可疑迹象）。调查人员将设法帮助观察员完成他们的主要任务，同时保持对可能发生的重要但不相关事件的关注。如果能够识别并减少LBFTS错误的来源，它可能会对医疗图像感知和交通事故等重要社会领域产生重大影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。