Research on the Legal Foundations of Roman Foreign Relations and their Historical Development (6th to 1st century BC)

罗马外交关系的法律基础及其历史发展研究（公元前6世纪至1世纪）

• 批准号: 250699089
• 负责人: Dr. Andreas Zack
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/250699089?language=en
• 关键词: Research; Legal; Foundations; Roman; Foreign

The project examines two key elements of the legal structure of Roman foreign policy, the societas et amicitia and the deditio. The literary sources and the epigraphic tradition are both equally discussed and evaluated. In contrast to previous research, a systematizing approach is combined with the perspective of the historical development of the legal system. The result will be on the one hand a new model of the legal and political development of Roman foreign policy, on the other hand a new answer to the controversial question of the contractual nature of the amictia et societas and the deditio. The amicitia et societas rests on different forms of international treaties. Besides the shape of the foedus there were various other forms of internal and external treaties which were religiously and legally binding and formal in their effect. There were also indirect contractual relationships with foreign communities, resulting from previously existing contracts. The contractors and their subordinates were often included in toto. The deditio was not a treaty but a verbalized submission accompanied by a symbolic action. It originated in a time, when an international relationship could take only the form either of superiority or subordination (7. and 6. century BC.) and the form of coexistence regulated by consensus (the oldest legal forms are the foedus and the sponsio) had yet to be developed. In historical times (6th to 1st century BC) the deditio served in Roman foreign policy usually as a preparatory instrument for the regulation of intersocietal relation (treaty). If such legal regulation (restitution) did not follow up, the territory of the foreign community was incorporated into the Roman territory, its citizens becoming members of the Roman polity endowed with the lowest legal and social status.

该项目审查了罗马外交政策法律结构的两个关键要素，即社会与友谊和奉献。文学来源和铭文传统都是平等的讨论和评价。与以往的研究不同，本文将系统化的研究方法与法律制度历史发展的视角相结合。其结果将一方面是罗马外交政策的法律和政治发展的新模式，另一方面是对社会之友和奉献的契约性质这一有争议的问题的新答案。社会和谐建立在各种形式的国际条约之上。除了食物的形状之外，还有各种其他形式的内部和外部条约，这些条约在宗教和法律上具有约束力，并且在其效果上是正式的。由于以前已有的合同，也与外国社区有间接的合同关系。承包商和他们的下属经常被包括在一起。奉献不是一项条约，而是一种口头的服从，伴随着象征性的行动。它起源于一个国际关系只能采取优势或从属形式的时代。和6。（公元前100年）和由协商一致规范的共存形式（最古老的法律形式是foedus和sponsio）尚未发展。在历史时期（公元前6世纪至公元前1世纪），奉献在罗马外交政策中通常作为调节社会间关系（条约）的预备工具。如果没有这样的法律规定（恢复原状），外国社会的领土就被纳入罗马领土，其公民成为罗马政体的成员，被赋予最低的法律和社会地位。