RAPID/Collaborative Research: Examining Household Movements and Evacuation Decision-Making in a Compounding Risk Event

选择应对飓风威胁的保护行动对家庭来说可能是一个具有挑战性的过程。持续的COVID-19大流行带来的风险以及飓风Ida后数周持续的公用事业中断、高温和飓风尼古拉斯的残余所带来的复合风险增加了这一过程的复杂性。虽然许多研究审查了家庭为应对自然和人为风险而采取的保护行动决定，但在家庭同时面临灾害和复合风险的情况下，对这一过程了解较少。这个快速反应研究（RAPID）赠款合作项目的目的是在两个同时发生的事件中检查家庭保护行动的决定：飓风艾达和正在进行的COVID-19大流行。通过在线、电话和邮件调查收集的具有时间敏感性的数据，以及GPS/移动的电话数据的补充，将用于检查飓风艾达之前、期间和之后的家庭保护行动决策和流动模式。预计该项目的调查结果将拯救生命，并尽量减少疏散和返回途中的压力。此外，研究结果将有利于应急管理社区和社会，因为在同时发生的灾害事件中，与保护行动决策相关的新知识可以帮助最大限度地提高协调和管理流离失所居民行动的安全性和效率。以及灾后何时返回，都需要考虑与风险、预警信息、家庭社会人口特征和可用资源有关的多种因素。虽然许多研究在单一灾害情景的背景下审查这些决定，但很少有人知道在同时发生的灾害事件中如何选择保护行动决定。此外，权衡的性质及其在双重风险情景下对决策的影响还没有得到很好的理解。这项研究的目标是收集短暂的数据，以检查飓风艾达和正在进行的COVID-19大流行期间的家庭决策。通过推进保护行动决策模型，本研究将收集家庭数据，使用调查和GPS移动的电话数据，这将使三个主要的研究问题的理解：1。在同时发生的灾难中，家庭如何做出疏散、避难、事后搬迁和返回的决定？2.哪些因素影响疏散和返回时间以及疏散目的地的选择？同样，哪些因素影响就地避难决策？3.在整个救灾和短期恢复过程中，家庭多次迁移的性质是什么？该项目将推进与同时发生的灾害事件期间的保护行动决策有关的理论，并为风险权衡如何为这些决策提供重要见解。具体而言，将通过以下方式产生新知识：1）收集飓风艾达和持续的COVID-19大流行期间采取的家庭流动和保护行动决策的短暂数据，以促进对这一动态过程的理解; 2）记录在灾害响应和短期恢复阶段家庭搬迁的地点以及选择这些地点的原因，以及3）提供新的见解，了解家庭在同时发生灾害时如何看待风险权衡。这项研究的结果将提供一个更细致的家庭决策和应对灾害的运动的理解，并提供更好地了解流离失所的家庭在灾害期间和灾害后的经验。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

Selecting protective actions in response to hurricane threats can be a challenging process for households. Adding to the complexity of this process are the risks stemming from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the compounding risks posed by lingering utility outages, high heat, and the remnants of Hurricane Nicholas in the weeks following Hurricane Ida. While many studies have examined protective action decisions of households in response to natural and human-induced risks, less is known about this process in instances where households face simultaneous disasters and compounding risks. The purpose of this Grants for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) collaborative project is to examine household protective action decisions during two simultaneous events: Hurricane Ida and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Time-sensitive data gathered through online, phone, and mail surveys and supplemented with GPS/mobile phone data will be used to examine household protective action decision-making and mobility patterns before, during, and after Hurricane Ida. The findings from this project are expected to save lives and minimize stress during evacuations and return trips. Additionally, the findings of the research will benefit the emergency management community and society as new knowledge related to protective action decisions during simultaneous hazard events can help maximize safety and efficiency in coordinating and managing the movements of displaced residents.Decisions pertaining to whether one evacuates or shelters, where to evacuate to, and when to return after a disaster all entail consideration of multiple factors related to risks, warning messages, household socio-demographic characteristics, and available resources. While numerous studies examine these decisions in the context of a single hazard scenario, very little is known as to how protective action decisions are selected during simultaneous disaster events. Furthermore, the nature of tradeoffs and their impact on decisions during dual risk scenarios are not well understood. The goal of this study is to collect ephemeral data to examine household decision-making during Hurricane Ida and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. By advancing the Protective Action Decision Model, this study will gather household data using surveys and GPS mobile phone data that will allow the understanding of three primary research questions: 1. How do households make evacuation, sheltering, post-event relocation and return-entry decisions during simultaneous disasters? 2. What factors influence evacuation and return-entry timing and the selection of evacuation destinations? Similarly, what factors influence shelter-in-place decisions? 3. What is the nature of the multiple movements undertaken by households throughout the response and short-term recovery process? This project will advance theory pertaining to protective action decision-making during simultaneous disaster events and provide important insights into how risk tradeoffs inform these decisions. Specifically, new knowledge will be generated through: 1) gathering ephemeral data of household movements and protective action decisions undertaken during Hurricane Ida and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in order to advance understanding of this dynamic process; 2) documenting locations household move to during the disaster response and short-term recovery phases and why these locations were selected, and 3) providing new insights into how households perceive the tradeoffs in risks when making decisions during simultaneous disasters. Findings from this study will offer a more nuanced understanding of household decisions and movements in response to disasters and provide better insight into the experiences of displaced households during and after disasters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.