RAPID/Collaborative Research: Examining Household Movements and Evacuation Decision-Making in a Compounding Risk Event

快速/协作研究：检查复合风险事件中的家庭移动和疏散决策

• 批准号: 2153919
• 负责人: Laura Siebeneck
• 金额: $ 4.91万
• 依托单位: University of North Texas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2153919&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Examining; Household

Selecting protective actions in response to hurricane threats can be a challenging process for households. Adding to the complexity of this process are the risks stemming from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the compounding risks posed by lingering utility outages, high heat, and the remnants of Hurricane Nicholas in the weeks following Hurricane Ida. While many studies have examined protective action decisions of households in response to natural and human-induced risks, less is known about this process in instances where households face simultaneous disasters and compounding risks. The purpose of this Grants for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) collaborative project is to examine household protective action decisions during two simultaneous events: Hurricane Ida and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Time-sensitive data gathered through online, phone, and mail surveys and supplemented with GPS/mobile phone data will be used to examine household protective action decision-making and mobility patterns before, during, and after Hurricane Ida. The findings from this project are expected to save lives and minimize stress during evacuations and return trips. Additionally, the findings of the research will benefit the emergency management community and society as new knowledge related to protective action decisions during simultaneous hazard events can help maximize safety and efficiency in coordinating and managing the movements of displaced residents.Decisions pertaining to whether one evacuates or shelters, where to evacuate to, and when to return after a disaster all entail consideration of multiple factors related to risks, warning messages, household socio-demographic characteristics, and available resources. While numerous studies examine these decisions in the context of a single hazard scenario, very little is known as to how protective action decisions are selected during simultaneous disaster events. Furthermore, the nature of tradeoffs and their impact on decisions during dual risk scenarios are not well understood. The goal of this study is to collect ephemeral data to examine household decision-making during Hurricane Ida and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. By advancing the Protective Action Decision Model, this study will gather household data using surveys and GPS mobile phone data that will allow the understanding of three primary research questions: 1. How do households make evacuation, sheltering, post-event relocation and return-entry decisions during simultaneous disasters? 2. What factors influence evacuation and return-entry timing and the selection of evacuation destinations? Similarly, what factors influence shelter-in-place decisions? 3. What is the nature of the multiple movements undertaken by households throughout the response and short-term recovery process? This project will advance theory pertaining to protective action decision-making during simultaneous disaster events and provide important insights into how risk tradeoffs inform these decisions. Specifically, new knowledge will be generated through: 1) gathering ephemeral data of household movements and protective action decisions undertaken during Hurricane Ida and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in order to advance understanding of this dynamic process; 2) documenting locations household move to during the disaster response and short-term recovery phases and why these locations were selected, and 3) providing new insights into how households perceive the tradeoffs in risks when making decisions during simultaneous disasters. Findings from this study will offer a more nuanced understanding of household decisions and movements in response to disasters and provide better insight into the experiences of displaced households during and after disasters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

选择应对飓风威胁的保护措施对家庭来说可能是一个具有挑战性的过程。使这一过程更加复杂的是，持续的COVID-19大流行带来的风险，以及持续的公用事业中断、高温和飓风“艾达”后几周内“尼古拉斯”飓风的残余所带来的复杂风险。虽然许多研究审查了家庭为应对自然和人为风险而作出的保护行动决定，但在家庭同时面临灾害和复合风险的情况下，对这一过程的了解较少。本快速反应研究赠款合作项目的目的是在飓风“艾达”和正在发生的COVID-19大流行这两个同时发生的事件中审查家庭保护行动决策。通过在线、电话和邮件调查收集并辅以GPS/移动电话数据的时效性数据将用于检查飓风“艾达”之前、期间和之后的家庭保护行动决策和行动模式。该项目的研究结果有望挽救生命，并将疏散和返程过程中的压力降至最低。此外，研究结果将有利于应急管理界和社会，因为在同时发生的危险事件中，与保护行动决策相关的新知识可以帮助最大限度地提高协调和管理流离失所居民流动的安全性和效率。决定是否疏散或避难，疏散到哪里，以及灾后何时返回，都需要考虑与风险、警告信息、家庭社会人口特征和可用资源相关的多种因素。虽然有许多研究在单一灾害情景的背景下检查这些决定，但很少有人知道在同时发生的灾害事件中如何选择保护行动决定。此外，在双重风险情景下，权衡的性质及其对决策的影响还没有得到很好的理解。本研究的目的是收集短期数据，以检查飓风“艾达”和正在进行的COVID-19大流行期间的家庭决策。通过推进保护行动决策模型，本研究将使用调查和GPS移动电话数据收集家庭数据，这将允许理解三个主要研究问题：1。在同时发生的灾难中，家庭如何做出疏散、庇护、事后安置和重返家园的决定？2. 哪些因素影响疏散和返回时间以及疏散目的地的选择？同样，什么因素会影响就地避难的决定？3. 在整个应对和短期恢复过程中，家庭采取的多重行动的性质是什么？该项目将推进与同时发生的灾害事件中保护行动决策有关的理论，并为风险权衡如何为这些决策提供重要见解。具体而言，新知识将通过以下方式产生：1)收集飓风“艾达”和正在进行的COVID-19大流行期间家庭流动和采取保护性行动决策的临时数据，以增进对这一动态过程的理解；2)记录家庭在灾害响应和短期恢复阶段迁移的地点，以及选择这些地点的原因；3)为家庭在同时发生灾害时如何做出决策时感知风险权衡提供新的见解。本研究的结果将有助于更细致地了解家庭在应对灾害时的决策和行动，并更好地了解灾害期间和灾后流离失所家庭的经历。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。