RAPID: Evaluation of post-wildfire effects on soil physical and chemical properties in response to the Caldor and Tamarack fires near Lake Tahoe

RAPID：评估野火后对太浩湖附近卡尔多和塔马拉克火灾对土壤物理和化学性质的影响

• 批准号: 2154013
• 负责人: Brad Sion
• 金额: $ 3.94万
• 依托单位: Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2154013&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Evaluation; post; wildfire; effects

Wildfire-induced changes to soil properties impact infiltration, runoff, and soil erodibility in fire-prone areas. Recent wildfires in the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains provide a unique opportunity to quantify fire effects on soil properties in natural field settings. These wildfires represent a new generation of large high-temperature canopy fires that are likely to increase in frequency in this region due to changing climate. Reduced infiltration and enhanced runoff after fire are directly related to changes in the structure and surface chemistry of the pore system within the soil. Fire effects on soil physical and chemical properties have been quantified mostly in the laboratory but not in natural field settings. This project will quantify the effect of two large wildfires (Caldor and Tamarack) on soil physical and chemical properties to better understand how fires affect hillslope hydrologic processes (infiltration, runoff, erosion), fire-related secondary risks such as flooding and debris flows, and forest management practices related to fire activity.This project will quantify post-fire changes to soil physical and chemical properties to better understand their impact on post-fire runoff, infiltration, and erosion in natural settings. Samples will be collected from burned and unburned locations both to measure soil hydraulic and thermal conductivity functions via controlled evaporation experiments and to identify functional groups in soil organic matter that influence soil hydrophobicity using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Additionally, infiltration and soil hydrophobicity will be measured in-situ using infiltrometer tests. Results will be presented to local stakeholders of fire-prone watersheds to guide forest management and improve the sustainability of water and ecosystem resources. Results will be transferable to watersheds in the Sierra Nevada with similar soil conditions. This project will provide research opportunities for an early career scientist, field training to a Ph.D. student, and hands-on experience for an undergraduate student.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

野火引起的土壤性质的变化影响渗透，径流和土壤可蚀性在火灾易发地区。最近在东部的内华达州山脉的野火提供了一个独特的机会，量化火灾对土壤性质的影响，在自然领域的设置。这些野火代表了新一代的大型高温林冠火灾，由于气候变化，该地区的频率可能会增加。火灾后减少的渗透和增强的径流直接关系到土壤孔隙系统的结构和表面化学的变化。火对土壤物理和化学性质的影响主要是在实验室中量化的，而不是在自然的野外环境中。该项目将量化两次大型野火的影响（Caldor和塔马拉克）对土壤物理和化学性质的研究，以更好地了解火灾如何影响山坡水文过程（渗透、径流、侵蚀）、与火灾有关的次生风险，如洪水和泥石流，和森林管理做法有关的火灾活动。该项目将量化后，火灾对土壤物理和化学性质的影响，以更好地了解其对自然环境中火灾后径流、渗透和侵蚀的影响。将从燃烧和未燃烧的地点收集样品，通过受控蒸发实验测量土壤水力和导热系数，并使用质子核磁共振光谱法确定土壤有机质中影响土壤疏水性的官能团。此外，渗透和土壤疏水性将使用渗透仪测试进行现场测量。将向易发生火灾的流域的当地利益攸关方介绍评估结果，以指导森林管理并提高水和生态系统资源的可持续性。结果将转移到具有类似土壤条件的内华达州山脉流域。该项目将为早期职业科学家提供研究机会，实地培训博士。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Assessment of the Effects of the 2021 Caldor Megafire on Soil Physical Properties, Eastern Sierra Nevada, USA

评估 2021 年卡尔多特大火灾对美国内华达山脉东部土壤物理性质的影响

• DOI: 10.3390/fire6020066
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Fire
• 作者: Sion, Brad;Samburova, Vera;Berli, Markus;Baish, Christopher;Bustarde, Janelle;Houseman, Sally
• 通讯作者: Houseman, Sally