Neutrino Emission From Stars

在接下来的十年里，中微子天文学将探索天空中中微子产生的丰富天体物理学。中微子是一种非常轻的亚原子粒子，与物质的相互作用程度很低，很难被探测到，但对于天文学来说是重要的探测器，因为它们可以直接追溯到它们的起源，而不需要与中间物质相互作用。除了来自太阳的中微子，核心坍缩超新星（SN）爆发（如SN 1987A）和相对论性喷流（如blazar TXS 0506+056）在探测器质量、能量分辨率和背景减弱方面的技术改进，将使我们能够观测到来自恒星生命周期不同阶段的新信号，特别是超新星前的中微子、弥散超新星中微子背景和来自富含物质的双星合并的中微子。最终，目标将是在整个赫罗图上对中微子的产生进行观测测试，赫罗图用图形表示了恒星的全部人口和生命周期。亚利桑那州立大学的一个研究小组将研究恒星中的中微子产生，并将通过一个完整的研究生培训和指导计划，将其多样性、公平性和包容性实践融入到日常研究活动中。为了实现该项目的目标，将使用一套恒星演化模型，跨越大范围的初始质量，分析初始恒星组成，氦燃烧核反应速率和中性电流去激发物理对总中微子光度的热成分和核成分的影响。该研究项目的结果为当前一代中微子望远镜提供了目标，现在可以探测到超新星前的中微子，并为单个恒星和作为恒星中微子背景信号的恒星集体提供了新的预测。这个项目推进了NSF宇宙大构想窗口的目标。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Over the next decade, neutrino astronomy will probe the rich astrophysics of neutrino production in the sky. Neutrinos, which are very light subatomic particles with low levels of interaction with matter, are difficult to detect, but are important probes for astronomy since they can be traced directly back to their origin without having interacted with intervening material. In addition to neutrinos from the Sun, core-collapse supernova (SN) bursts (e.g., SN 1987A) and relativistic jets (e.g., blazar TXS 0506+056) technological improvements in detector masses, energy resolution, and background abatement will allow observation of new signals from different stages of the lifecycle of stars, in particular pre-supernova neutrinos, the diffuse supernova neutrino background, and neutrinos from matter-rich binary mergers. Ultimately, the goal will be to observationally test neutrino production across the entire Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which graphically represents the full population and life cycle of stars. A research group at Arizona State University will study neutrino production in stars and will embed its diversity, equity, and inclusion practices into its everyday research activities, through a complete program of training and mentoring a graduate student. To reach the goals of the project, a suite of stellar evolution models, spanning a wide range of initial masses, will be used to analyze the impact of the initial stellar composition, helium burning nuclear reaction rates, and neutral current de-excitation physics on the thermal and nuclear components of the total neutrino luminosity. The results of the research project provide targets for current generation neutrino telescopes that can now detect pre-supernova neutrinos, and provides new predictions for individual stars and for stars collectively as the stellar neutrino background signal. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.