HBCU-Excellence in Research: Radiative Forcing Due to Carbon Dioxide and Black Carbon in Urban Areas

HBCU-卓越研究：城市地区二氧化碳和黑碳造成的辐射强迫

• 批准号: 2200531
• 负责人: Zhiming Yang
• 金额: $ 10.83万
• 依托单位: North Carolina Central University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2200531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HBCU; Excellence; Research; Radiative; Forcing

It is well known that carbon dioxide (CO2) and black carbon are two potent climate drivers that absorb sunlight and play a critical role to influence the Earth's radiation budget and local/regional climate. Black carbon (BC) is also associated with human health problems such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Thus, it is essential to know concentrations of CO2 and BC and have a clear understanding of direct radiative forcing (DRF) due to CO2 and black carbon at a city level. Current radiative forcing is estimated at a regional or global level due to limited concentration measurements of CO2 and BC. The objective of this study is to examine temporal variations of CO2 and BC at one urban site and develop a unique approach to estimate radiative forcing at a city level. The findings from this project will help better understand larger uncertainties in climate change prediction by various climate models. Also, this research exposes both graduate and undergraduate students to real-life environmental problems and provides them great opportunities to learn quantitative skills used in the fields of environmental science. This will in turn help increase the number of minority students who will pursue STEM degrees.In this project, one Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFR-7) will be used to measure total, diffuse, and direct irradiance at six wavelengths at one urban site and one ObservAir® sensor will be used to monitor BC, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations. Mobile measurements will be conducted at one urban site and one rural site six times per day weekly using 5-wavelength UV-IR Black Carbon monitor (microAeth® MA200). Also, one Air Quality Particle Counting Meter will be used to provide measures of 6 sizes of particles. Then the Santa Barbara Discrete Ordinate (DISORT) model will be used to retrieve optical and microphysical parameters including single scatter albedo(SSA) and asymmetry parameter with the inclusion of MODIS imagery. The next step involves the estimation of CO2 radiative forcing and the calculation of aerosol radiative forcing using Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART) model at a city level and different seasons. This research will allow better characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical parameters including single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter at a city level, which could help understand large uncertainties in estimates of DRF used for many climate models. Also, a new method on estimation of DRF will be developed in order to estimate DRF at a city level.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

众所周知，二氧化碳（CO2）和黑碳是两种强有力的气候驱动因素，它们吸收阳光，并对影响地球辐射收支和局部/区域气候发挥关键作用。黑碳（BC）也与人类健康问题有关，如呼吸系统和心血管疾病以及癌症。因此，必须了解CO2和BC的浓度，并清楚地了解城市水平上CO2和黑碳的直接辐射强迫（DRF）。由于CO2和BC的浓度测量有限，目前的辐射强迫是在区域或全球水平上估计的。本研究的目的是检查在一个城市站点的CO2和BC的时间变化，并开发一种独特的方法来估计在城市水平的辐射强迫。该项目的研究结果将有助于更好地了解各种气候模式在气候变化预测中的更大不确定性。此外，这项研究使研究生和本科生接触到现实生活中的环境问题，并为他们提供了很好的机会来学习环境科学领域中使用的定量技能。在该项目中，一台多滤光片旋转阴影波段辐射计（MFR-7）将用于测量一个城市站点六个波长的总辐照度、漫射辐照度和直射辐照度，一台ObservAir®传感器将用于监测BC、一氧化碳和二氧化碳浓度。使用5波长紫外-红外黑碳监测仪（microAeth® MA 200），每周在一个城市站点和一个农村站点进行6次移动的测量。此外，一个空气质量颗粒计数器将用于提供6种颗粒尺寸的测量。然后利用圣巴巴拉离散纵坐标（DISORT）模式反演光学和微物理参数，包括单次散射散射参数（SSA）和非对称参数，并加入MODIS影像。利用圣巴巴拉DISORT大气辐射传输（SBDART）模式估算了不同季节城市水平的CO2辐射强迫和气溶胶辐射强迫。这项研究将允许更好地表征气溶胶光学和微物理参数，包括单次散射散射和不对称参数在城市一级，这可能有助于了解大的不确定性估计的DRF用于许多气候模式。此外，还将开发一种新的DRF估算方法，以估算城市一级的DRF。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。