P2C2: Temperature and Hydroclimate Variability in Mid-Latitude arid Central Asia During the Past 13,600 years: a Multi-Proxy Investigation of Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan)

中亚干旱地区（ACA）将受到未来供水变化的强烈影响。气温即将沿着上升，降水量和降水类型（降雪或降雨）也将发生变化，人口也将快速增长，预计这将给该地区带来环境和经济压力。ACA是一个以不同地理为特征的地区，包括天山山脉（最高峰7，439米）。地球变暖的速度并不均匀，并随纬度和海拔而变化;两极和高海拔地区变暖最快。大量人口通常居住在海拔较低的地区，但往往依赖山区径流作为水源。ACA的情况就是如此，它每年的降水量很小，山脉和湖泊是重要的自然资源。因此，了解未来气候变化将如何影响ACA是很重要的。这项研究将产生吉尔吉斯斯坦大型山湖伊萨克湖过去13 600年的温度、降水和植被记录。这些新记录将揭示ACA过去的气候历史，并将促进对区域和全球气候过程的理解。需要改进ACA过去中纬度气候动力学的知识，以更准确地预测未来的条件。这项研究将通过与尤里卡合作，为初中和高中女生提供实践暑期讲习班，支持扩大代表性不足群体参与STEM的努力！科学营，由女孩公司运行。山谷（霍利奥克，MA）和马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校自然科学学院。伊塞克湖是世界上最大和最深的湖泊之一，代表了目前研究不足的古气候档案。这项研究将提供一个多代理有机地球化学研究伊塞克湖使用现有的沉积物岩心测试假设，包括湖泊经历了更大的变暖相比，北方半球平均在中全新世热最大和自1850年以来，ACA收到水分从东亚夏季风在中全新世，伊塞克湖的藻类和微生物群落的变化是对气候变化的反应。将产生数十年到百年尺度的古气候记录。基于甘油二烷基甘油四醚（GDGTs）的代理将被用来生成一个定量的温度重建ACA在冰消期和全新世，结合植物蜡（正烷烃）氘和碳同位素作为代理的主要水分来源（西风带，西伯利亚高压，东亚夏季风）和植被类型（C3与C4植物）的变化，分别。更好地了解伊塞克湖的古气候历史将构成ACA古气候学的一个重大进步，那里现有的记录很少，空间和时间变化性也很难理解。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

Arid Central Asia (ACA) will be strongly affected by future changes in water supply. Impending temperature increases along with changes in precipitation amount and type (snow or rain), as well as high population growth, are expected to bring environmental and economic stress to the region. ACA is a region characterized by varying geography and includes the Tian Shan Mountains (highest peak 7,439 m). The rate of warming on Earth is not uniform and varies with latitude and altitude; the poles and high elevation regions are warming the fastest. Large populations typically reside in lower elevation regions but often depend on runoff from the mountains as a water source. This is the case for ACA, which receives a small amount of annual precipitation, and where mountains and lakes are critical natural resources. For these reasons, is important to understand how future climate change will affect ACA. This research will generate temperature, precipitation and vegetation records spanning the past 13,600 years from Issuk-Kul, a large mountain lake in Kyrgyzstan. These new records will reveal the past climate history of ACA and will advance understanding of regional and global climate processes. Improved knowledge of past mid-latitude climate dynamics in ACA is needed to predict future conditions more accurately. This research will support efforts to broaden participation from underrepresented groups in STEM by providing hands-on summer workshops for middle and high school girls in partnership with the Eureka! Science Camp, run by Girls Inc. of the Valley (Holyoke, MA) and the College of Natural Sciences at UMass Amherst. High school interns also will be hosted during summers to gain laboratory experience.Issyk-Kul, one of the world's largest and deepest lakes, represents a presently understudied paleoclimate archive. This research will provide a multi-proxy organic geochemical study of Issyk-Kul using existing sediment cores to test hypotheses including that the lake experienced greater warming compared to the Northern Hemisphere average during both the mid-Holocene thermal maximum and since 1850 AD, that ACA received moisture from the East Asian Summer Monsoon during the mid-Holocene, and that shifts in the algal and microbial communities of Issyk-Kul occurred in response to climate variability. Multi-decadal to centennial-scale paleoclimate records will be produced. Proxies based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) will be used to generate a quantitative temperature reconstruction from ACA over the deglaciation and the Holocene, in conjunction with plant wax (n-alkane) deuterium and carbon isotopes as proxies for shifts in the dominant moisture sources (the Westerlies, the Siberian High, and the East Asian Summer Monsoon) and vegetation type (C3 versus C4 plants), respectively. Better understanding the paleoclimate history Issyk-Kul will constitute a major advance in the paleoclimatology of ACA where there are few existing records and where spatial and temporal variability is poorly understood.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.