Capturing ongoing diversification: a complete phylogeny of an avian radiation using dense sampling of tips

捕捉持续的多样化：使用尖端密集采样的鸟类辐射的完整系统发育

• 批准号: 2203216
• 负责人: Michael Harvey
• 金额: $ 104.71万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at El Paso
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2203216&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Capturing; ongoing; diversification; complete; phylogeny

The Neotropical region includes Central and South America and the Caribbean and contains the highest diversity of birds of any region on the planet. Roughly one in three birds in the Neotropics is from a group called the suboscine passerines. The suboscines are diverse in form and function and are an important component of the bird life in habitats ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine grasslands and rocky coastlines. The origins of this diversity – the tempo and mode of species formation – have been studied through prior NSF-funded work. However, this work did not contain sufficient sampling to capture the most recent and ongoing speciation events. These recent speciation events are the most critical for evolutionary research because they tell us about where and why new species are forming currently. High-resolution sampling also provides the information necessary to identify new species and revise species classification. In this project, the investigators are completely sampling suboscine diversity, obtaining new vouchered samples and adding genomic data from 1,548 missing populations in order to resolve the species limits in the group and provide a comprehensive framework for research on diversification. This work integrates a concerted program for recruiting and retaining underrepresented students in biodiversity science in three underserved geographic areas: Appalachian Tennessee, Louisiana, and majority Hispanic communities in west Texas. It involves a new program on avian diversity at the K–12 level, development of a dedicated module on biodiversity genetics for undergraduate Genetics students, and support for graduate and post-graduate researchers to conduct research. The unifying principle of this project is that a completely sampled phylogeny of all suboscine evolutionary units is needed to provide the foundation for systematic revision as well as improved capacity for research on speciation and evolution in the group. The researchers are leveraging the well-sampled suboscine passerine radiation (1,323 currently recognized species, plus 1,875 subspecies) to complete two primary aims. First, they are using field work, existing genomic resources, and historical DNA approaches to obtain genomic data from all 1,548 unsampled taxa, including all subspecies, in the group and estimate a complete, time-calibrated phylogeny. Second, they are using this phylogeny to conduct a re-assessment and revision of suboscine systematics at the genus, species, and subspecies levels within a hypothesis-testing framework. Because the phylogeny contains information on all lineage divergences in suboscines even those between the youngest taxa, it provides an invaluable resource for researchers interested in detailed diversification dynamics, modes of speciation, avian evolution at a range of timescales, molecular evolution, and species concepts and delimitation. The new specimens, genetic samples, and genomic data being obtained are also invaluable. Together, this work and its results are providing a high-resolution picture of how diversity has evolved in a species-rich tropical group that contributes to one of the major biodiversity hotspots on the planet.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

新热带区包括中美洲、南美洲和加勒比地区，是地球上鸟类多样性最高的地区。在新热带地区，大约有三分之一的鸟类来自一个叫做suboscine passerines的群体。亚群落的形式和功能多样，是从热带雨林到高山草原和岩石海岸线栖息地的鸟类生活的重要组成部分。这种多样性的起源-物种形成的克里思和模式-已经通过之前的NSF资助的工作进行了研究。然而，这项工作没有包含足够的采样来捕捉最近和正在进行的物种形成事件。这些最近的物种形成事件对进化研究来说是最关键的，因为它们告诉我们新物种在哪里以及为什么正在形成。高分辨率采样还提供了必要的信息，以确定新物种和修订物种分类。在这个项目中，研究人员正在对亚界多样性进行全面采样，获得新的有证样本，并从1，548个缺失种群中添加基因组数据，以解决种群中的物种限制，并为多样化研究提供全面的框架。这项工作整合了一个协调一致的计划，在三个服务不足的地理区域招募和保留生物多样性科学代表性不足的学生：阿巴拉契亚田纳西州，路易斯安那州和大多数西班牙裔社区在西德克萨斯州。它涉及在K-12水平的鸟类多样性的新计划，为本科遗传学学生开发生物多样性遗传学的专用模块，并支持研究生和研究生研究人员进行研究。该项目的统一原则是，需要对所有亚界进化单位进行完全抽样的系统发生，以提供系统修订的基础，并提高对该组物种形成和进化的研究能力。研究人员正在利用采样良好的雀形目辐射（目前已知的1,323个物种，加上1,875个亚种）来完成两个主要目标。首先，他们正在利用实地工作、现有基因组资源和历史DNA方法来获取该群体中所有1，548个未采样分类群（包括所有亚种）的基因组数据，并估计完整的、经过时间校准的系统发育。第二，他们正在利用这一系统发生学，在假设检验框架内，在属、种和亚种水平上对亚界系统学进行重新评估和修订。由于物种发生学包含了所有谱系分歧的信息，即使是最年轻的类群之间的亚群落，它提供了一个宝贵的资源，研究人员有兴趣在详细的多样化动态，物种形成模式，鸟类进化的时间尺度，分子进化，物种的概念和定界。获得的新标本、遗传样本和基因组数据也是无价的。这项工作及其成果共同提供了一幅高分辨率的图片，展示了物种丰富的热带种群的多样性是如何演变的，这一物种丰富的热带种群促成了地球上主要的生物多样性热点之一。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。