Collaborative Research: Exploring Early Galaxy Formation and the Epoch of Reionization with the Hawaii-Two-0 (H20) Survey

合作研究：通过 Hawaii-Two-0 (H20) 巡天探索早期星系形成和再电离时代

• 批准号: 2206813
• 负责人: Bahram Mobasher
• 金额: $ 42.68万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2206813&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Exploring; Early; Galaxy

Understanding how and when galaxies form necessarily involves the study of incredibly distant and faint objects. Since spectroscopy of many hundreds of millions of extremely faint galaxies is not feasible currently, deep- and high-resolution imaging surveys covering many square degrees are the preferred method for identifying targets for spectroscopic follow-up. Images obtained through multiple filters spanning a wide wavelength range – in effect, a form of very low-resolution spectroscopy - can be used to derive important properties such as approximate redshifts (distances), stellar masses, and star formation activity, in addition to morphology and their environments. This award will support the completion and early analysis of the Hawaii Two-0 (H20) survey, an ultra- deep and multi-wavelength galaxy survey covering two contiguous 10-square degree regions of the sky in eight bands spanning 0.36 to 4.5 microns in wavelength. The survey includes follow-up spectroscopy with Keck and overlaps fields targeted for deep observations by the Euclid Space Telescope. The award also supports graduate student research, enables the participation of undergraduate and local high school students in research activities, develops general educational classes in Spanish, and multiple public outreach events.The H20 imaging data will provide the largest and only cosmologically significant sample for the foreseeable future and is expected to uncover 500,000 high-z Lyman Break galaxies, 12,000 quiescent systems and 50-100 proto-clusters at z= 3-7, with derived photometric redshifts, stellar masses, star formation rates and extinction. These data will provide the first definitive constraint on the evolution of massive high-z galaxies, a study of the mass function for different populations of galaxies as a function of redshift and environment, the identification of proto-clusters, and a search for rare objects believed responsible for re-ionizing the Universe during the initial epoch of galaxy formation. Guaranteed Keck spectroscopy will be used to find redshifts and calibrate photometric redshifts, confirm proto-clusters, measure the strength of the Ly-alpha lines to search for high- escape fraction objects and to measure spectral line diagnostics of galaxy physical parameters. Innovative data science techniques (e.g., self-organizing maps; SOMs) will be developed and applied to the multi-dimensional H20 data to extract maximum scientific information. The H20 catalogs will additionally be essential for building the Euclid calibration fields.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

要了解星系是如何以及何时形成的，就必须对遥远而微弱的天体进行研究。由于目前还无法对数亿个极其微弱的星系进行光谱分析，因此覆盖许多平方度的深度和高分辨率成像调查是确定光谱跟踪目标的首选方法。通过跨越宽波长范围的多个滤光片获得的图像-实际上是一种非常低分辨率的光谱-可以用来获得重要的属性，例如近似红移（距离），恒星质量和恒星形成活动，以及形态和它们的环境。该合同将支持夏威夷2 -0 （H20）巡天的完成和早期分析，这是一项超深和多波长的星系巡天，覆盖天空中两个连续的10平方度区域，在波长为0.36至4.5微米的8个波段中。这项调查包括凯克的后续光谱学，以及欧几里得太空望远镜进行深度观测的重叠区域。该奖项还支持研究生的研究，使本科生和当地高中生能够参与研究活动，开发西班牙语的普通教育课程，以及多种公共宣传活动。在可预见的未来，H20的成像数据将提供最大和唯一具有宇宙学意义的样本，并有望揭示50万个高z Lyman Break星系，12,000个静止系统和50-100个z= 3-7的原始星团，以及衍生的光度红移，恒星质量，恒星形成率和消光。这些数据将为大质量高z星系的演化提供第一个明确的约束，研究不同星系群的质量函数作为红移和环境的函数，识别原始星系团，以及寻找被认为在星系形成的初始时期负责宇宙再电离的罕见物体。保证凯克光谱学将用于发现红移和校准光度红移，确认原始星团，测量Ly-alpha线的强度以搜索高逃逸分数的物体，以及测量星系物理参数的光谱线诊断。将开发创新的数据科学技术（如自组织地图；SOMs）并将其应用于多维H20数据，以提取最大的科学信息。H20目录对于建立欧几里得校准场也是必不可少的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。