Collaborative Research: Regulatory Pragmatism and Building Codes for Hazard-Resilient Housing

合作研究：防灾住房的监管实用主义和建筑规范

• 批准号: 2207294
• 负责人: Susan Ostermann
• 金额: $ 17.23万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2207294&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Regulatory; Pragmatism; Building

Few aspects of life are more important to people than their homes. Building codes are a major form of regulation and one of the primary mechanisms by which states and societies try to make their homes safe in the face of hazards like hurricanes and earthquakes. This project advances the science needed to understand and improve compliance with key hazard-resistant practices in the design and construction of housing. It approaches this challenge using the concept of regulatory pragmatism, which argues that improving housing stock resilience and reducing disaster impacts for housing may necessitate prioritizing those aspects of the building code that allow builders to most cheaply and effectively reach these goals. Through engineering assessment, combined with interviews and surveys of builders and residents, this project is collecting the data necessary to design useful interventions to increase code compliance with key hazard-resistant building practices and, in so doing, protect human life and the built environment from the effects of a disaster. Despite the fact that building codes touch the lives of many, there is little research studying how regulatory strategies and sound engineering can together reduce disaster risk.Project work aims to examine compliance with key hazard-resistant building practices among builders and households, and explore the factors that influence compliance, including household and builder attitudes and experiences, local regulations, perceived and real costs, and local building practices. Crucially, in parallel, the project will use performance-based engineering methods to quantify the benefits and risks associated with complying with hazard-resistant building practices in terms of housing safety and post-event housing occupancy. These findings will be used to identify and prioritize key building practices based on their effectiveness in reducing disaster risk and their achievability (e.g., in terms of cost and compatibility with local building practices). Building on initial findings, the project will then consider the design and assessment of a pragmatic, compliance-fostering intervention. The project is conducted in two multi-hazard U.S. contexts, Alaska and Puerto Rico, providing a most-different comparison to explore how building practices, compliance, and intervention outcomes differ based on community characteristics. It will also involve interdisciplinary training of students supporting the development of a workforce trained to address regulatory and engineering challenges associated with disaster resilient housing.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生活的几个方面对人们而言比房屋更重要。建筑法规是法规的一种主要形式，也是国家和社会试图在面对飓风和地震等危害时将其房屋安全的主要机制之一。该项目推进了理解和改善住房设计和建设中抗主要危害危险实践所需的科学。它使用监管实用主义的概念来应对这一挑战，该概念认为，提高住房储备能力并减少住房的灾难影响可能需要优先考虑建筑法规的那些方面，以使建筑商可以最便宜有效地实现这些目标。通过工程评估，结合对建筑商和居民的访谈和调查，该项目正在收集设计有用的干预措施所需的数据，以提高代码符合对重要危害的建筑实践的符合，并在这样做的过程中保护人类的生活和建筑环境免受灾难的影响。尽管建筑密码触及了许多人的生活，但很少有研究研究监管策略和合理的工程如何降低灾害风险。项目旨在检查建筑商和家庭中对危害危险的主要建筑实践的依从性，并探索影响合规性的因素，包括家庭和建造者的态度和经验，本地规定，本地建立和实践。至关重要的是，该项目将使用基于绩效的工程方法来量化与符合危害危险的建筑物实践相关的利益和风险。这些发现将根据其在降低灾害风险及其可实现性方面的有效性（例如，就成本和与当地建筑实践的兼容性而言）来识别和优先考虑关键建筑实践。在初始发现的基础上，该项目将考虑对务实的合规干预措施的设计和评估。该项目是在两种多危险的美国背景下进行的，阿拉斯加和波多黎各，提供了最不同的比较，以探讨建筑实践，合规性和干预成果如何根据社区特征而有所不同。它还将涉及支持支持发展与灾难弹性住房相关的监管和工程挑战的劳动力发展的学生的跨学科培训。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估来进行评估的。