NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology: How short-term plastic responses produce long-term evolutionary change

NSF 生物学博士后奖学金:短期塑料反应如何产生长期进化变化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2209219
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 13.8万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2022, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports research and training of the Fellow that will contribute to the area of Rules of Life in innovative ways. Understanding mechanisms that allow organisms to adapt to new environments is a key question in evolutionary biology. While genetic mechanisms have traditionally been viewed as a primary mechanism of adaptation, increasing evidence suggests behavioral changes may also be important. Genetic mechanisms of adaptation tend to be clearer (e.g., new mutations); however, we still lack a strong understanding of mechanisms allowing shifts in behavior to facilitate evolutionary processes. Ultimately, this project will reveal mechanisms connecting short-term behavioral changes to long-term evolutionary processes and produce new predictions about when and how behavior may drive adaptation. In addition to these research goals, the project also aims to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in the field of evolutionary biology by providing learners with access to mastery experiences such as performing scientific research with museum specimens and using the scientific method for problem-solving. Plasticity’s impact on evolutionary processes is still highly debated in evolutionary biology which lacks a strong understanding of mechanisms connecting short-term plastic changes to long-term evolutionary change. The Behavior First Hypothesis predicts that mechanisms responsible for producing plastic behavioral responses should be similar to those producing behavioral diversity on an evolutionary scale. This project aims to test this prediction by investigating molecular and neural mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity in the pupfish system. The pupfish system contains a novel fish scale-eating specialist—an excellent organism for investigating how behavioral flexibility can lead to diversification—along with several non-specialist species. This research will quantify neural activity, integration, and gene expression in the brains of specialist and non-specialist pupfishes with the end goal of providing fundamental insights not only into behavior’s role in evolutionary processes, but also into how the nervous system responds to novelty, mechanisms of plasticity, and adaptation to new ecological niches. The Fellow will benefit from training in neuroscience and transcriptomics while conducting studies at the host institution. This research will also aid in recruitment and retention of women and historically underrepresented groups in evolutionary biology by providing mentorship to current students, including undergraduates in ongoing research, and by partnering with local museums to provide science mastery experiences to the public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该行动资助了美国国家科学基金会2022财年生物学博士后研究奖学金,研究基因组,环境和表型之间相互作用的生命规则的综合研究。该奖学金支持将以创新方式为《生活规则》领域作出贡献的研究员的研究和培训。了解生物体适应新环境的机制是进化生物学中的一个关键问题。虽然遗传机制传统上被视为适应的主要机制,但越来越多的证据表明,行为改变可能也很重要。适应的遗传机制趋于清晰(例如,新的突变);然而,我们仍然缺乏一个强有力的机制,使行为的转变,以促进进化过程的理解。最终,该项目将揭示将短期行为变化与长期进化过程联系起来的机制,并对行为何时以及如何驱动适应产生新的预测。除了这些研究目标之外,该项目还旨在通过为学习者提供掌握经验的机会,例如使用博物馆标本进行科学研究和使用科学方法解决问题,从而增加进化生物学领域的多样性,公平性和包容性。可塑性对进化过程的影响在进化生物学中仍然存在高度争议,缺乏对短期塑性变化与长期进化变化之间机制的深刻理解。行为第一假说预测,负责产生可塑性行为反应的机制应该类似于在进化尺度上产生行为多样性的机制。本项目旨在通过研究小鱼系统行为可塑性的分子和神经机制来验证这一预测。小鱼系统中包含了一种新型的吃鳞专家——一种研究行为灵活性如何导致多样性的优秀生物——以及一些非专业物种。本研究将量化专业和非专业幼鱼大脑中的神经活动、整合和基因表达,最终目标是不仅提供行为在进化过程中的作用,而且提供神经系统如何对新颖性、可塑性机制和对新生态位的适应做出反应的基本见解。研究员将受益于神经科学和转录组学方面的培训,同时在主办机构进行研究。这项研究还将通过为在读学生(包括正在进行研究的本科生)提供指导,并与当地博物馆合作,向公众提供掌握科学的经验,帮助招募和留住女性和进化生物学中历史上代表性不足的群体。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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