High Precision Measurements of Beta Decay Using Neutron Beams and Ultracold Neutrons

使用中子束和超冷中子高精度测量 β 衰变

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2209590
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

This award supports research on high precision measurements of neutron beta decay, a process caused by the weak nuclear force (or weak interaction). Although many nuclei undergo beta decay, neutron decay is important because it involves only a single nucleon, which simplifies the calculations and makes very precise predictions from the "standard model" of particle physics possible without the complications due to the presence of other nucleons. With very accurate measurements of neutron decay, we can perform a kind of particle physics "forensics", looking for discrepancies in our standard model that can indicate the presence of new forces, but without using high energy particle beams such as those at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This research is a part of the "precision frontier" for physics, and defines the cutting edge of our knowledge of the weak nuclear force and possible new interactions. When neutron beta decay occurs, the decay process results in the emission of a proton, an electron and an antineutrino. This program involves a measurement of the distribution of directions for the emitted particles after neutron beta decay occurs (Nab) and a measurement of the average lifetime of the neutron (UCNτ). When taken together, these two measurements completely define the beta decay process. During the award period, these two experiments are set to provide the most precise characterization of the weak interaction to date, potentially adding important confirmation that the standard model is not correct. An important aspect of the program is the training of students and post-docs, where the group contributes to a dissemination of the techniques and expertise of nuclear science in general, and neutron science in particular. This training comes in part because of the specific nature of the research projects, which utilize nuclear physics analysis and technology. It also comes in part through the students’ involvement in research at national laboratories and nuclear facilities. One of the experiments supported by this award, Nab, will use an unpolarized beam of cold neutrons at the Spallation Neutron Source from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to measure the angular correlation between the decay electron and the emitted anti-neutrino (the beta-neutrino correlation, a_βν), with the goal of almost an order of magnitude improvement in the precision of this parameter. The other, UCNτ, is situated at the ultracold neutron (UCN) source at Los Alamos National Science Center (LANSCE), and targets a factor of two improvement in the precision of the lifetime during the current funding period. These precision levels enable a meaningful cross-check of the value of CKM matrix element V_ud determined from super-allowed decays, confirming discrepancies in the unitarity test of the standard model (referred to as the “Cabibbo Anomaly”). The significance of this anomaly has steadily increased over the past few years, driven by new particle physics data and refinement of theoretical analysis of kaon decays. Analysis in 2022 suggests that new physics couplings to up quarks are required at greater than the 3σ level. The results of this award can confirm this result and finally eliminate nuclear structure as source of uncertainty. For each of these experiments, the group brings its experience in beta decay measurements to bear on key sources of systematic error by developing instrumentation and analysis required by the experiments. For Nab, the group is analyzing, for example, the effects of incomplete collection of the energy of decay electrons, a critical component of the systematic error budget for this experiment. This work has been on-going, with contributions from efforts providing the basis for the current energy calibration and interpretation of the signals from the Si detectors. In the coming period the group will apply analysis tools and calibration infrastructure developed during the current period to during operation of the Nab experiment. UCNτ is designed to store ultracold neutrons, UCN, in a magneto-gravitational trap, where UCN do not make contact with material trap walls, dramatically reducing systematic uncertainties. In 2021, UCNτ produced the most precise measurement of the neutron lifetime to date, with an uncertainty of 0.36 seconds. The focus now is an upgrade called UCNτ+, which will reduce uncertainties by another factor of two, a critical contribution to a high precision check of the Cabibbo Anomaly. The NCSU group is currently leading a simulation effort for the performance of an adiabatic loading procedure which is essential for the success of UCNτ+. This work will be integrated with their ongoing effort to characterize sources of systematic uncertainty such as variations in the UCN spectrum and details of detector response.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该奖项支持对中子衰变进行高精度测量的研究,中子衰变是由弱核力(或弱相互作用)引起的过程。尽管许多原子核都经历了β衰变,但中子衰变很重要,因为它只涉及一个核子,这简化了计算,并使粒子物理学的“标准模型”做出非常精确的预测成为可能,而不会因为其他核子的存在而变得复杂。通过对中子衰变的非常精确的测量,我们可以进行一种粒子物理“取证”,在我们的标准模型中寻找可以表明新力存在的差异,但不使用高能粒子束,比如欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机。这项研究是物理学“精确前沿”的一部分,并定义了我们对弱核力和可能的新相互作用的知识的前沿。当中子发生衰变时,衰变过程导致一个质子、一个电子和一个反中微子的发射。该计划包括测量中子衰变发生后发射粒子的方向分布(Nab)和测量中子的平均寿命(UCNτ)。把这两种测量结合起来,就完全定义了衰变过程。在授奖期间,这两个实验将提供迄今为止最精确的弱相互作用特征,可能会增加对标准模型不正确的重要确认。该计划的一个重要方面是培养学生和博士后,该小组为核科学,特别是中子科学的技术和专业知识的传播做出了贡献。这种培训的部分原因是研究项目的特殊性,这些项目利用核物理分析和技术。这在一定程度上也来自学生参与国家实验室和核设施的研究。该奖项支持的实验之一Nab将使用来自橡树岭国家实验室的散裂中子源的非极化冷中子束来测量衰变电子与发射的反中微子之间的角相关性(β中微子相关性,a_βν),其目标是将该参数的精度提高几乎一个数量级。另一个是位于洛斯阿拉莫斯国家科学中心(LANSCE)的超冷中子(UCN)源的UCNτ,目标是在当前资助期内将寿命精度提高两倍。这些精度水平可以对由超允许衰减确定的CKM矩阵元素V_ud的值进行有意义的交叉检查,确认标准模型统一性测试中的差异(称为“Cabibbo异常”)。在过去几年中,由于新的粒子物理数据和对k介子衰变理论分析的改进,这种异常现象的重要性稳步增加。2022年的分析表明,在大于3σ的能级上,需要新的物理耦合来提升夸克。该奖项的结果可以证实这一结果,并最终消除核结构作为不确定性的来源。对于每一个实验,该小组通过开发实验所需的仪器和分析,将其在β衰变测量方面的经验应用于系统误差的关键来源。对于Nab来说,该小组正在分析,例如,不完全收集衰变电子能量的影响,这是该实验系统误差预算的关键组成部分。这项工作一直在进行中,努力提供了当前能量校准和解释Si探测器信号的基础。在接下来的一段时间里,该小组将把在当前阶段开发的分析工具和校准基础设施应用到Nab实验的操作中。UCNτ的设计目的是将超冷中子(UCN)储存在磁引力阱中,在那里UCN不会与材料阱壁接触,从而大大降低了系统的不确定性。2021年,UCNτ对中子寿命进行了迄今为止最精确的测量,不确定度为0.36秒。现在的重点是一个名为UCNτ+的升级项目,它将把不确定性降低两倍,这对高精度检查卡比博异常做出了关键贡献。NCSU小组目前正在领导对绝热加载过程性能的模拟工作,这对UCNτ+的成功至关重要。这项工作将与他们正在进行的描述系统不确定性来源的工作相结合,例如UCN光谱的变化和探测器响应的细节。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(5)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Fill and dump measurement of the neutron lifetime using an asymmetric magneto-gravitational trap
使用不对称磁引力阱进行中子寿命的填充和倾倒测量
  • DOI:
    10.1103/physrevc.106.065506
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.1
  • 作者:
    Cude-Woods, C.;Gonzalez, F. M.;Fries, E. M.;Bailey, T.;Blatnik, M.;Callahan, N. B.;Choi, J. H.;Clayton, S. M.;Currie, S. A.;Dawid, M.
  • 通讯作者:
    Dawid, M.
Precision pulse shape simulation for proton detection at the Nab experiment
Nab 实验中质子检测的精确脉冲形状模拟
  • DOI:
    10.1103/physrevc.107.065503
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.1
  • 作者:
    Hayen, Leendert;Choi, Jin Ha;Combs, Dustin;Taylor, R. J.;Baeßler, Stefan;Birge, Noah;Broussard, Leah J.;Crawford, Christopher B.;Fomin, Nadia;Gericke, Michael
  • 通讯作者:
    Gericke, Michael
Pion-Induced Radiative Corrections to Neutron β Decay
介子诱发的中子β衰变辐射修正
  • DOI:
    10.1103/physrevlett.129.121801
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    8.6
  • 作者:
    Cirigliano, Vincenzo;de Vries, Jordy;Hayen, Leendert;Mereghetti, Emanuele;Walker-Loud, André
  • 通讯作者:
    Walker-Loud, André
First observation of cyclotron radiation from MeV-scale following nuclear beta decay
首次观测到核贝塔衰变后 MeV 级的回旋辐射
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    8.6
  • 作者:
    W Byron, H Harrington
  • 通讯作者:
    W Byron, H Harrington
Ab initio calculation of the β -decay spectrum of He6
He6 β 衰变谱的从头计算
  • DOI:
    10.1103/physrevc.107.015503
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.1
  • 作者:
    King, G. B.;Baroni, A.;Cirigliano, V.;Gandolfi, S.;Hayen, L.;Mereghetti, E.;Pastore, S.;Piarulli, M.
  • 通讯作者:
    Piarulli, M.
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Albert Young其他文献

A diverse hidradenitis suppurativa cohort: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 13,130 patients from a large US health care system database from 1995 to 2022
一个多样化的化脓性汗腺炎队列:一项对 1995 年至 2022 年来自美国一个大型医疗保健系统数据库的 13,130 名患者的回顾性横断面研究
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jaad.2024.10.073
  • 发表时间:
    2025-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    11.800
  • 作者:
    Kelly Z. Young;Ian Loveless;Wan-Ting K. Su;Jesse Veenstra;Congcong Yin;Peter Dimitrion;Rachel Krevh;Li Zhou;Ruicong She;Mingming Pan;Albert M. Levin;Albert Young;Eglal Samir;Andrea Dai;James Ge;Richard H. Huggins;Cristina de Guzman Strong;Henry W. Lim;David M. Ozog;Iltefat Hamzavi;Qing-Sheng Mi
  • 通讯作者:
    Qing-Sheng Mi
54091 Biologic efficacy and reasons for discontinuation in a tertiary referral hidradenitis suppurativa clinic
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.108
  • 发表时间:
    2024-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Albert Young;Kathy Lu;Andrea Dai;Dheeraj Kagithala;Eglal Samir;Mark Gregory;Madison Romanski;Peter Dimitrion;Iltefat Hamzavi;Qing-Sheng Mi
  • 通讯作者:
    Qing-Sheng Mi
53351 Predictors of drug survival in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa treated with TNF-alpha-inhibitors
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.295
  • 发表时间:
    2024-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Albert Young;Kathy Lu;Andrea Dai;Dheeraj Kagithala;Eglal Samir;Mark Gregory;Madison Romanski;Peter Dimitrion;Iltefat Hamzavi;Qing-Sheng Mi
  • 通讯作者:
    Qing-Sheng Mi

Albert Young的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Albert Young', 18)}}的其他基金

High Precision Measurements of Beta Decay Using Stored Ultracold Neutrons and Cold Neutron Beams
使用储存超冷中子和冷中子束高精度测量β衰变
  • 批准号:
    1914133
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Beta Decay Measurements with Cold Neutron Beams and Ultracold Neutrons
使用冷中子束和超冷中子进行 Beta 衰变测量
  • 批准号:
    1615153
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Beta-decay Angular Correlation Measurements with Cold and Ultracold Neutrons
合作研究:用冷和超冷中子进行β衰变角相关测量
  • 批准号:
    1307426
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Beta-Decay Measurements with Ultracold Neutrons
使用超冷中子进行β衰变测量
  • 批准号:
    1005233
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The UCNA Experiment: Measuring Angular Correlations in Neutron Decay using Ultracold Neutrons
UCNA 实验:使用超冷中子测量中子衰变中的角相关性
  • 批准号:
    0653222
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
A Measurement of the Beta-Asymmetry of the Neutron Utilizing Ultracold Neutrons
利用超冷中子测量中子的β不对称性
  • 批准号:
    0354970
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
A Measurement of the Neutron Beta-Asymmetry Using Ultra-Cold Neutrons Produced in a Superthermal Solid Deuterium Source
使用超热固体氘源中产生的超冷中子测量中子 β 不对称性
  • 批准号:
    0100689
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Development of a Polarizer/Adiabatic Spin-Flipper for Ultra-Cold Neutrons
超冷中子偏振器/绝热自旋翻转器的开发
  • 批准号:
    0049018
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Development of a Polarizer/Adiabatic Spin-Flipper for Ultra-Cold Neutrons
超冷中子偏振器/绝热自旋翻转器的开发
  • 批准号:
    9977557
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

相似海外基金

Probing TeV Physics with neV Neutrons: Precision Measurements of Beta Decays and Electric Dipole Moments
用 neV 中子探测 TeV 物理:β 衰变和电偶极矩的精确测量
  • 批准号:
    2210341
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
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LEAPS-MPS: Precision Measurements of Neutron Beta Decay to Test Fundamental Symmetries
LEAPS-MPS:精确测量中子 Beta 衰变以测试基本对称性
  • 批准号:
    2213411
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
High Precision Measurements of Beta Decay Using Stored Ultracold Neutrons and Cold Neutron Beams
使用储存超冷中子和冷中子束高精度测量β衰变
  • 批准号:
    1914133
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
High precision cold neutron beta decay correlation measurements at the SNS; the Nab experiment.
SNS 的高精度冷中子 β 衰变相关测量;
  • 批准号:
    SAPPJ-2016-00032
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
High precision cold neutron beta decay correlation measurements at the SNS; the Nab experiment.
SNS 的高精度冷中子 β 衰变相关测量;
  • 批准号:
    SAPPJ-2016-00032
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
High precision cold neutron beta decay correlation measurements at the SNS; the Nab experiment.
SNS 的高精度冷中子 β 衰变相关测量;
  • 批准号:
    SAPPJ-2016-00032
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
High-precision half-life measurements for the superallowed beta emitters 10C and 14O.
超允许 β 发射体 10C 和 14O 的高精度半衰期测量。
  • 批准号:
    425539-2012
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Precision Electron Capture Branching Ratio Measurements for Double Beta Decay with TITAN
使用 TITAN 进行双 Beta 衰变的精密电子捕获分支比测量
  • 批准号:
    418523-2012
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
Precision Electron Capture Branching Ratio Measurements for Double Beta Decay with TITAN
使用 TITAN 进行双 Beta 衰变的精密电子捕获分支比测量
  • 批准号:
    418523-2012
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
High-precision half-life measurements for the superallowed beta emitters 10C and 14O.
超允许 β 发射体 10C 和 14O 的高精度半衰期测量。
  • 批准号:
    425539-2012
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 100.8万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
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