Multiscale Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Impacts of Turbulence and Vegetation on Flow and Solute Transport in Hyporheic Zone

湍流和植被对地下水流和溶质运移影响的多尺度实验和数值研究

• 批准号: 2209591
• 负责人: Judy Yang
• 金额: $ 55.34万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2025-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209591&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multiscale; Experimental; Numerical; Investigation; Impacts

Hyporheic zone refers to the interface between the bed and surface water in streams, rivers, and other aquatic ecosystems. Contaminants and nutrients are constantly being exchanged between surface and subsurface water in the hyporheic zone, controlling water quality, the metabolism of benthic microbes, and the associated biogeochemical cycling. Vegetation and turbulence, which are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, affect surface-subsurface exchange and, as such, impact water quality and stream biogeochemical cycling. However, how vegetation and turbulence impact exchange remains unclear, making it difficult to predict contaminant transport and biogeochemical cycling in streams, lakes, and coastal areas. The proposed study aims to combine laboratory experiments in a water-recirculating flume, numerical simulation, and field experiments in an outdoor stream to quantify the impacts of vegetation and turbulence on flow and solute transport in the hyporheic zone. The results from this study will help improve predictions of contaminant transport and biogeochemical cycling in streams and other aquatic ecosystems, as well as help ecologists design stream restoration projects that use vegetation to increase the retention and degradation of contaminants in sediment. The proposed project will also train next-generation scientists, including two graduate students and undergraduates from underrepresented groups. Further, a demonstration hands-on activity will be developed and used in outreach events for K-12 girls and teachers. The goal of the proposed research is to quantitatively characterize the role of turbulence and in-channel vegetation on hyporheic exchange and propose a multi-scale modeling framework for predicting hyporheic exchange and solute transport in meandering channels with bedforms, turbulent flows, and in-channel vegetation. Systematically controlled experiments with refractive index matched sediment and vegetation, as well as fluorescent dye imaging, will be conducted in flumes to directly visualize and quantify the turbulence and vegetation-induced hyporheic exchange. A physics-based theoretical model will be developed to predict hyporheic exchange as a function of turbulent kinetic energy and vegetation stem size, volume fraction, and drag coefficient. The theoretical model will then be incorporated into a multiscale numerical modeling framework to investigate the combined effects of the important drivers (including near-bed turbulence, vegetation, bedforms, and channel meanderings) on flow and solute transport in complex meandering streams. The modeling results will be further validated by field tracer experiments in an outdoor meandering channel with bedforms, turbulent flows, and vegetation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

潜流带是指溪流、河流和其他水生生态系统中河床和地表水之间的界面。污染物和营养物不断在潜流带的地表水和次表层水之间交换，控制着水质、底栖微生物的新陈代谢和相关的生物地球化学循环。水生生态系统中普遍存在的植被和湍流会影响地表-地下交换，从而影响水质和河流生态地球化学循环。然而，植被和湍流如何影响交换仍不清楚，使得难以预测河流，湖泊和沿海地区的污染物输送和生态地球化学循环。建议的研究旨在结合联合收割机实验室实验中的水循环水槽，数值模拟，并在室外流场实验，以量化的影响植被和湍流的流动和溶质运移在潜流区。这项研究的结果将有助于改善河流和其他水生生态系统中污染物运输和生物地球化学循环的预测，并帮助生态学家设计河流恢复项目，利用植被增加沉积物中污染物的保留和降解。拟议的项目还将培训下一代科学家，包括来自代表性不足群体的两名研究生和本科生。此外，还将为K-12女孩和教师开发并在外联活动中使用示范实践活动。拟议的研究的目标是定量表征湍流和河道内植被对潜流交换的作用，并提出一个多尺度的建模框架，用于预测潜流交换和溶质运移在弯曲的渠道，床型，湍流，和河道内植被。将在水槽中进行折射率匹配的沉积物和植被以及荧光染料成像的系统控制实验，以直接可视化和量化湍流和植被引起的潜流交换。一个基于物理学的理论模型将被开发来预测潜流交换作为湍流动能和植被茎的大小，体积分数和阻力系数的函数。理论模型将被纳入一个多尺度数值模拟框架，以调查的重要驱动程序（包括近床湍流，植被，床型，和渠道曲流）的综合影响，在复杂的曲流流动和溶质运移。模拟结果将通过在具有底形、湍流和植被的室外蜿蜒河道中进行的现场示踪实验进一步验证。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。