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Collaborative Research: RUI: Hydrology of the vegetation on vegetation: Comparison and scaling of rainfall interception and solute alteration by common arboreal epiphytes.

合作研究：RUI：植被对植被的水文学：常见树栖附生植物对降雨拦截和溶质改变的比较和缩放。

基本信息

批准号：
2209775
负责人：
John Van Stan
金额：
$ 24.76万
依托单位：
Cleveland State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-10-01 至 2023-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209775&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research RUI Hydrology vegetation

项目摘要

Forests cover can significantly reduce the amount of rainfall reaching the ground and alter its chemistry. This process, called "interception," impacts water paths, soil erosion, and stormwater management costs. There are three major parts of the forest canopy: bark, leaves and epiphytes (the plants that live on the canopy). The effect of epiphytes on rainfall interception is not well understood, yet they can live in any forest ecosystem and represent some of Earth’s most water-absorbent land organisms. This study addresses this knowledge gap by monitoring interception variables for a southeastern US forest that hosts 3 major types of epiphytes that differ in how the intercept rainfall (lichen, resurrection fern, and Spanish moss). The study will involve multiple measurements in water and epiphytes, as well as monitoring weather conditions. Results will inform water and forest managers about conservation efforts for epiphyte-rich forests. The research will be led by primarily Undergraduate Institutions and will train undergraduate students in cutting-edge science. Outcomes of the project will be incorporated into educational outreach efforts reaching thousands of K-12 (kinder to twelfth grade) and undergraduate students, high school teachers, and community members. It will also provide research experiences to members of underrepresented groups, including those associated with African American economically disadvantaged, and military communities.The first process in the rainfall-to-discharge hydrologic flow path in vegetated ecosystems is the partitioning of rain by forest canopies. Rain-canopy interactions have been documented to impact stormwater runoff and infrastructure costs, supply hundreds of kilograms of dissolved solutes per ha per year to soils and mitigate regional warming. A major process that has been overlooked on this topic is the role of epiphytes (plants that structurally live on canopies). Since epiphytes are ubiquitous across forest ecosystems and many can store 1000% of their dry weight in water, excluding these organisms significantly impacts canopy water balances and related solute exchanges. This study addresses this major knowledge gap at a forest with high biomass of 3 common types of epiphytes (lichens, ferns and bromeliads) that represent a water-control continuum, from poikilohydric (no internal water control, like lichens) to homoiohydric (presence of internal water controls, like the bromeliad, Spanish moss). Principal objectives are to: (1) assess storage, evaporation and drainage dynamics for these epiphytes; (2) evaluate ecohydrological traits that underlie epiphyte’s water balance and determine their vulnerability to projected changes in climate; (3) quantify epiphyte alterations to rainfall inorganic solute characteristics; and (4) scale findings to estimate current and future relative stand-level influence of epiphytes. Addressing these objectives may alter estimates and predictions of major hydrological processes linked to climatologically relevant energy exchanges and ecologically critical mass exchanges. The project will support 1 post-doctoral scholar and 6 undergraduate students to receive substantial research experiences (field work, instrumentation, data collection and processing, modeling and model evaluation, manuscript preparation, and results presentation) in a timely & critical subfield at the intersection of eco-hydrology and hydrometeorology. The project will also disseminate information to broad audiences through websites, workshops, interpretative signs installed in the study forest area, sequential art, including graphic novellas and character designs, and a time-lapsed video to be featured in a leading educational YouTube channel with international viewership (MinuteEarth).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

森林覆盖可以显著减少到达地面的降雨量，并改变其化学成分。这一过程被称为“截流”，会影响水道、土壤侵蚀和雨水管理成本。森林树冠有三个主要部分：树皮、树叶和附生植物(生活在树冠上的植物)。附生植物对降雨截留的影响还不是很清楚，但它们可以生活在任何森林生态系统中，代表着地球上一些最吸水的陆地生物。这项研究通过监测美国东南部森林的截留变量来解决这一问题，该森林拥有三种主要类型的附生植物，它们截留降雨的方式不同(地衣、复活蕨类和西班牙苔藓)。这项研究将涉及对水和附生植物的多项测量，以及监测天气状况。结果将向水资源和森林管理者通报对富含附生植物的森林的保护工作。该研究将主要由本科生机构领导，并将培养本科生的尖端科学。该项目的成果将被纳入教育推广工作，惠及数千名K-12(幼儿至十二年级)和本科生、高中教师和社区成员。它还将为代表不足的群体的成员提供研究经验，包括那些与非裔美国人在经济上处于不利地位有关的群体和军事社区。在植被覆盖的生态系统中，从降雨到流量的水文路径的第一个过程是通过森林树冠将雨水分割。雨水-树冠相互作用已被证明会影响雨水径流和基础设施成本，每年每公顷向土壤提供数百公斤溶解溶质，并缓解区域变暖。在这个主题上被忽视的一个主要过程是附生植物(从结构上生活在树冠上的植物)的作用。由于附生植物在整个森林生态系统中普遍存在，而且许多附生植物可以将其干重的1000%储存在水中，因此排除这些生物会显著影响冠层水分平衡和相关的溶质交换。这项研究解决了这一主要知识差距，在一个拥有高生物量的3种常见附生植物(地衣、蕨类和凤梨)的森林中，这3种附生植物代表了水控制的连续体，从杂草(没有内部水控制，如地衣)到高碘(存在内部水控制，如菠萝、西班牙苔藓)。主要目标是：(1)评估这些附生植物的储存、蒸发和排水动态；(2)评估作为附生植物水分平衡基础的生态水文特征，并确定它们对预测的气候变化的脆弱性；(3)量化附生植物对降雨的无机溶质特征；以及(4)尺度研究结果，以估计附生植物当前和未来相对林分水平的影响。实现这些目标可能会改变对与气候相关的能量交换和生态临界质量交换有关的主要水文过程的估计和预测。该项目将支持1名博士后学者和6名本科生在生态水文学和水文气象学交叉点的一个及时和关键的子领域获得丰富的研究经验(野外工作、仪器设备、数据收集和处理、建模和模型评估、手稿准备和结果展示)。该项目还将通过网站、研讨会、安装在研究林区的解释性标志、包括图形中篇小说和人物设计在内的顺序艺术，以及将在领先的教育YouTube频道(MinuteEarth)上播出的延时视频，向广大受众传播信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。