Nature of State Instability

国家不稳定的本质

• 批准号: 2211663
• 负责人: Andrew Somerville
• 金额: $ 27.98万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2211663&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nature; State; Instability

In 2007, the number of people living in cities across the globe surpassed the number in rural areas, highlighting the need for more research on the development, organization, and decline of cities within cross-cultural and diachronic frameworks. Within this context investigators will lead a research project to investigate an example of the collapse of early urbanism at the ancient city. Continuously occupied for over 600 years, the site presents an opportunity to study an ancient city over a long temporal sequence, and to ask questions relevant to urbanism in other times and places. What makes cities vulnerable to collapse and what makes them resilient? Can collapse be predicted from material evidence? To what extent is immigration involved in the processes of urban development and decline? In addressing these questions, this research will contribute to our broader understandings of urbanism and to the factors involved in societal disintegration. Results of this study will be widely disseminated through popular and academic sources and will be shared with the local community through public displays, lectures, and through guided tours of the site. Because the research employs multiple analytical approaches, moreover, it will provide opportunities for undergraduate and graduate training in methods relevant to S.T.E.M. and social science fields.This collaborative project will bring together researchers to better understand the factors involved in the decline of urbanism, the mechanisms of its reconfiguration after collapse, and the effects of urban decline on the local population.The project focuses on a region of the city which was occupied through its decline, making it an opportune location to explore urban processes over a long temporal sequence. With the explicit goal of better characterizing the nature of the collapse, the project explores which aspects of material culture: which exhibited continuity between the pre- and post-collapse periods and which aspects exhibited discontinuity or change over time. To accomplish this, the research will proceed along several avenues of data collection including field survey, horizontal excavations, AMS radiocarbon dating, ceramic and lithic analyses, isotopic analysis of human and animal bone, and faunal studies. By combining these datasets, the project will examine the continuities and discontinuities in aspects of social identity, economic networks, diet, and the use of space over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2007年，居住在全球城市的人口数量超过了农村地区的人口数量，凸显了在跨文化和历时框架内对城市的发展、组织和衰落进行更多研究的必要性。在这种背景下，研究人员将领导一个研究项目，调查这座古城早期都市主义崩溃的一个例子。该遗址连续被占领了600多年，为研究一座古城提供了一个长时间序列的机会，并提出了与其他时间和地点的城市化相关的问题。是什么让城市容易崩溃，又是什么让它们具有韧性？能从物证中预测崩盘吗？移民在多大程度上参与了城市发展和衰落的进程？在解决这些问题时，这项研究将有助于我们更广泛地理解城市化和社会解体所涉及的因素。这项研究的结果将通过流行和学术来源广泛传播，并将通过公开展示、讲座和现场导游与当地社区分享。因为这项研究使用了多种分析方法，而且它将为本科生和研究生提供与理工科和社会科学领域相关的方法培训的机会。这个合作项目将使研究人员聚集在一起，更好地了解城市化衰落所涉及的因素，崩溃后城市重建的机制，以及城市衰落对当地人口的影响。该项目聚焦于城市中通过衰落而被占领的区域，使其成为探索长期时间序列中城市过程的合适地点。为了更好地确定崩塌的性质，该项目探讨了物质文化的哪些方面：哪些方面在崩塌前和崩塌后期间表现出连续性，哪些方面表现出不连续或随着时间的推移而变化。为了实现这一目标，研究将沿着几个收集数据的途径进行，包括实地调查、水平挖掘、AMS放射性碳测年、陶瓷和岩石分析、人和动物骨骼的同位素分析以及动物群研究。通过结合这些数据集，该项目将检查社会认同、经济网络、饮食和空间使用随时间的变化方面的连续性和间断性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。