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MSA: Quantifying the drivers of mammal food web networks over space and time in Sub-Saharan Africa

MSA：量化撒哈拉以南非洲哺乳动物食物网网络在空间和时间上的驱动因素

基本信息

批准号：
2213568
负责人：
Lydia Beaudrot
金额：
$ 33.48万
依托单位：
William Marsh Rice University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2213568&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
MSA Quantifying drivers mammal food

项目摘要

Biodiversity is central to human health and well-being because it influences services that make human life possible. Food webs and the predator-prey interactions that comprise them play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity. Most food webs have been studied locally, which inhibits generalizations to larger areas and hampers predictions of the impact of global environmental changes. The extent to which food webs depend on changes in primary productivity – the rate at which plants turn energy into plant material through photosynthesis – remains largely unknown. More studies have been published describing predator-prey interactions in mammals than in other animals, but we know little about what affects mammal food webs. Primary productivity predicts mammal biodiversity in Africa more than in other regions, suggesting the potential for a strong influence on African food webs. Nevertheless, as the biosphere changes rapidly, changes in climate and land use can alter predator-prey interactions, thereby altering food webs. In the coming decades, African mammal food webs may be more intensely affected by land-use change than other regions because projected human population growth rates for sub-Saharan Africa are among the highest globally. Identifying the ecological and anthropogenic drivers of food webs over space and time has never been more important. This work supports 2 Ph.D. students and 3 undergraduate students co-advised by the PI in Biosciences and the Co-PI in Electrical and Computer Engineering, thus providing opportunities for cross-disciplinary education in mathematical, computational, and environmental sciences. To amplify the broader impacts of the research in the Houston area, two local K-12 teachers are participating in Rice University's R-STEM program, which provides inquiry-based professional development for teachers.The research leverages standardized annual camera trap data from five African protected areas and community composition data from 170 mammal communities throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and the researchers are constructing an overarching food web for the mammal species from published data. To date, a key limitation of ecological network research has been the widespread application of heuristic approaches lacking strong theoretical support. The researchers are harnessing recent developments in topological data analysis to quantify similarities in food web structures. Specifically, they are developing fast algorithmic implementations to measure differences in food webs over space and time. The research objectives are to determine: 1) how climate and fragmentation influence vegetation productivity, 2) how local food web dynamics respond to changes in productivity and fragmentation over time, and 3) how food web network structure varies as a function of productivity and fragmentation at regional and continental scales. The researchers are also providing open-source implementation of the algorithms and examples and tutorials of their use.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生物多样性对人类健康和福祉至关重要，因为它影响着使人类生活成为可能的服务。食物网和构成食物网的捕食者与被捕食者之间的相互作用在维持生物多样性方面发挥着关键作用。对大多数食物网的研究都是在当地进行的，这妨碍了对更大范围的普遍化，也妨碍了对全球环境变化影响的预测。食物网在多大程度上依赖于初级生产力的变化--植物通过光合作用将能量转化为植物物质的速度--仍然是个未知数。与其他动物相比，已经发表了更多关于哺乳动物捕食者-猎物相互作用的研究，但我们对哺乳动物食物网的影响知之甚少。初级生产力对非洲哺乳动物生物多样性的预测高于其他区域，表明对非洲食物网的潜在强大影响。然而，随着生物圈的迅速变化，气候和土地使用的变化可能会改变捕食者-猎物的相互作用，从而改变食物网。在未来几十年，非洲哺乳动物食物网可能比其他区域更严重地受到土地使用变化的影响，因为撒哈拉以南非洲的人口增长率预计是全球最高的。确定食物网在空间和时间上的生态和人为驱动因素从未如此重要。这项工作支持2博士。学生和3名本科生共同指导PI在生物科学和共同PI在电气和计算机工程，从而提供了机会，在数学，计算和环境科学的跨学科教育。为了扩大休斯顿地区研究的更广泛影响，两名当地K-12教师参加了赖斯大学的R-STEM项目，该项目为教师提供基于探究的专业发展。该研究利用了来自五个非洲保护区的标准化年度相机陷阱数据和撒哈拉以南非洲170个哺乳动物社区的社区组成数据，研究人员正在根据公布的数据为哺乳动物物种构建一个总体食物网。迄今为止，生态网络研究的一个关键限制是启发式方法的广泛应用缺乏强有力的理论支持。研究人员正在利用拓扑数据分析的最新发展来量化食物网结构的相似性。具体来说，他们正在开发快速算法实现，以测量食物网在空间和时间上的差异。研究目标是确定：1）气候和破碎化如何影响植被生产力，2）当地食物网动态如何响应生产力和破碎化随时间的变化，以及3）食物网结构如何作为生产力和破碎化的函数而变化在区域和大陆尺度上。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（2）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Occurrence dynamics of mammals in protected tropical forests respond to human presence and activities

受保护热带森林中哺乳动物的出现动态对人类存在和活动的响应

DOI：
10.1038/s41559-023-02060-6
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Nature Ecology & Evolution
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Semper-Pascual, Asunción;Sheil, Douglas;Beaudrot, Lydia;Dupont, Pierre;Dey, Soumen;Ahumada, Jorge;Akampurira, Emmanuel;Bitariho, Robert;Espinosa, Santiago;Jansen, Patrick A.
通讯作者：
Jansen, Patrick A.

Identifying the social context of single- and mixed-species group formation in large African herbivores

确定大型非洲食草动物单一和混合物种群体形成的社会背景