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Personal Life-Form and Objective Spirit.Foundations of an Anthropological Philosophy of Mind

个人生命形式与客观精神.人类学心灵哲学的基础

基本信息

批准号：
251918961
负责人：
Professor Dr. Matthias Wunsch
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Philosophie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/251918961?language=en
关键词：
Personal Life Form Objective Spirit.Foundations

项目摘要

The contemporary philosophy of mind examines the mental dimension of human life primarily in relation to the physical-bodily and the linguistic dimension. The research project starts from the hypothesis that this horizon is too narrow and proposes to extend it by including the dimensions of the lived body (Leib) and the objective spirit. It thus pursues a foundation of an anthropological philosophy of mind. The concept of person is at the heart of this scheme. The dubious consequences of conceptions of personhood, arising from debates about criteria of what constitutes belonging to the class of persons, should be avoided by an analytic-anthropological conception that determines personhood as the human life-form. This view of personhood will then be developed into a new conception of objective spirit.Taking into consideration the internal relation between "life-form" and "life-sphere", the specifically human life-form can be conceived as permeated with openness to the world. The concept of second nature may substantiate the notion of such a life-form, if it copes with the importance of culture, tradition, active self-scrutiny and reflective distance for this life-form. On this basis we gain a conception of objective spirit, which determines it as the life-sphere corresponding to the human life-form and brings it in a relation of interdependence with the "personal spirit". The consequences with respect to a conception of the lived body are important: On the one hand the lived body is a constituent of the personal spirit and therefore indispensable for the conception of objective spirit; on the other hand the lived body is not only determined in a physical-bodily way but also marked by the objective spirit in various ways.

当代心灵哲学考察人类生活的精神维度，主要是与身体和语言维度有关。研究项目从这个视界太窄的假设出发，提出通过包括生命体（Leib）和客观精神的维度来扩展它。因此，它追求的是一种人类学思想哲学的基础。人的概念是这个方案的核心。人格概念的可疑后果，源于关于什么是属于人的类别的标准的辩论，应该由一种分析人类学概念来避免，这种概念将人格确定为人类的生命形式。这种关于人格的观点随后将发展成为客观精神的新概念。考虑到“生命形式”与“生命领域”的内在联系，具体的人类生命形式可以被理解为对世界的开放性。如果能够处理文化、传统、积极的自我审视和对这种生命形式的反思距离的重要性，那么第二本性的概念可能会证实这种生命形式的概念。在此基础上，我们获得了客观精神的概念，这一概念决定了客观精神作为与人的生命形式相对应的生命领域，并使其与“个人精神”处于相互依存的关系中。关于有生命的肉体概念的推论是很重要的：一方面，有生命的肉体是个人精神的一个组成部分，因此对于客观精神的概念来说是不可缺少的；另一方面，有生命的肉体不仅以肉体的方式被规定，而且还以各种方式被客观精神所标记。