Selective Attention and Intersensory Processing in Infancy

婴儿期的选择性注意和间感觉处理

• 批准号: 2217766
• 负责人: Gregory Reynolds
• 金额: $ 70万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2217766&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Selective; Attention; Intersensory; Processing; Infancy

How do infants make sense of the world around them? This project examines the possibility that infant attention is initially drawn to the intersensory redundancy that occurs when the same information is perceived through more than one sensory system. An example of intersensory redundancy is the information common to the movements of the face and sounds of the voice of a person speaking. Multiple measures will be used to determine: (1) whether infants pay attention to information provided by intersensory redundancy before paying attention to other types of information, (2) whether intersensory redundancy helps infants process information more efficiently, and (3) areas of the brain involved in intersensory processing in infancy. Answering these questions will provide insight into how infants learn from caregivers. This project will have broader impacts through training graduate and undergraduate students in cognitive neuroscience, which will increase the participation of underrepresented groups in STEM fields. Findings may also contribute to understanding deficits children with disabilities experience processing audiovisual speech. This project has three major aims that will be addressed in a series of experiments on 5- and 10-month-old infants. Aim 1 examines how intersensory redundancy affects infants’ attention and learning from audiovisual speech, using simultaneous measures of heart rate changes associated with attention and electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of attention and memory. Aim 2 examines whether infants’ attention can be biased toward or away from intersensory redundancy by providing specific types of information during initial learning prior to EEG testing. Aim 3 is to determine which areas of the brain are involved in intersensory processing of audiovisual speech in infancy, using computational modeling of EEG data. Infants are expected to show enhanced brain activity to redundant information provided by audiovisual speech, and areas of prefrontal cortex are expected to be involved in processing intersensory redundancy in infancy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

婴儿如何理解周围的世界？这个项目研究的可能性，婴儿的注意力最初被吸引到感官间冗余，发生在同一信息被认为是通过一个以上的感觉系统。感官间冗余的一个例子是一个人说话时面部运动和声音所共有的信息。多项测量将用于确定：（1）婴儿是否在注意其他类型的信息之前注意到由感觉间冗余提供的信息，（2）感觉间冗余是否有助于婴儿更有效地处理信息，以及（3）婴儿期参与感觉间处理的大脑区域。回答这些问题将有助于深入了解婴儿如何从照顾者那里学习。该项目将通过培训认知神经科学的研究生和本科生产生更广泛的影响，这将增加STEM领域代表性不足的群体的参与。研究结果也可能有助于理解残疾儿童处理视听语音的经验缺陷。该项目有三个主要目标，将在5个月和10个月大的婴儿身上进行一系列实验。目的1研究感觉间冗余如何影响婴儿的注意力和学习视听讲话，使用同步测量的注意力和脑电图（EEG）的注意力和记忆力的措施相关的心率变化。目的2探讨婴儿的注意力是否可以偏向或远离感官间冗余，通过提供特定类型的信息，在初始学习之前的脑电图测试。目的3是确定哪些区域的大脑参与了视听语音在婴儿期的感觉间处理，使用EEG数据的计算建模。预计婴儿将表现出增强的大脑活动，以视听语音提供的冗余信息，和前额叶皮层的区域预计将参与处理在婴儿期intersensory redundances.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。