Investigating the crustal structure and fault geometry of the 2021 Haiti earthquake

研究 2021 年海地地震的地壳结构和断层几何形状

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2217976
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 27.17万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Haiti is extremely vulnerable to large earthquakes. The M7.0 2010 and M7.2 2021 earthquakes in Haiti caused more than 200,000 and 2,000 deaths, respectively. The better we understand past earthquakes, identify active faults, and pinpoint locations with possible strong ground shaking, the more we can do to prevent future tragedy. This project will allow seismologists at the University of California, Riverside to clearly identify which faults ruptured during the 2021 earthquake, and find areas where strong ground shaking is most likely to occur during future large earthquakes. Detecting and locating aftershocks will help delineate the faults that ruptured in 2021, as well as other active faults. Mapping out how seismic velocities in the crust vary in 3D will bring to light regions with unusually slow seismic velocities, which indicate softer rocks and hence amplified shaking during an earthquake. This project will engage local Haitian scientists to have a lasting impact on local earthquake monitoring for seismic hazard assessment. The project will also engage young Haitian students, in the hope that some will be inspired to pursue careers in the geosciences. The 2021 M7.2 Haiti earthquake, which struck a decade after the devastating 2010 earthquake, occurred within the network of faults comprising the Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault Zone (EPGFZ) in southern Haiti. Preliminary geodetic observations suggest that this earthquake is similar to the 2010 event where left-lateral strike-slip occurred on the western part of the rupture and reverse slip on the eastern part. Initial aftershock locations from the regional seismic network are too diffuse to confirm this hypothesis, and it is not clear whether this event occurred on the main fault or on secondary faults. Furthermore, considering that heavy damage from the 2010 earthquake occurred primarily in a sedimentary basin with low seismic velocities that amplified seismic shaking, it is possible that areas experiencing high levels of damage from the 2021 earthquake are also underlain by such material. Using newly available data from seismic stations that were deployed following the 2021 earthquake, we will apply innovative techniques to detect and locate the aftershocks with high precision, and investigate the 3D crustal velocity structure in that region. This project will directly impact research and education by offering research opportunities for local undergraduate students from underrepresented groups within the U. C. Riverside community. The project will also benefit the people of Haiti by engaging local Haitian scientists to have a lasting impact on local earthquake monitoring for seismic hazard assessment, and providing opportunities to young Haitian students so that they can inspire future generations to pursue careers in geosciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
海地极易受到大地震的影响。2010年海地发生的7.0级地震和2021年海地发生的7.2级地震分别造成20多万人和2,000多人死亡。我们对过去的地震了解得越多,识别活动断层,并确定可能发生强烈地面震动的位置,我们就能为防止未来的悲剧做得越多。该项目将使加州大学滨江分校的地震学家能够清楚地识别2021年地震中哪些断层破裂,并找到未来大地震中最有可能发生强烈地面震动的地区。检测和定位余震将有助于描绘2021年破裂的断层以及其他活动断层。绘制出地壳中地震速度在3D中的变化将使地震速度异常缓慢的区域变得明亮,这表明岩石较软,因此在地震期间会放大震动。该项目将让海地当地科学家参与,对当地地震监测产生持久影响,以进行地震危险评估。该项目还将吸引海地青年学生参与,希望其中一些人能够受到启发,从事地球科学职业。2021年海地7.2级地震发生在2010年毁灭性地震十年后,发生在海地南部Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault Zone(EPGFZ)的断层网络内。初步的大地测量结果表明,这次地震与2010年的地震类似,在破裂的西部发生了左旋走滑,东部发生了逆滑。区域地震台网的初始余震位置过于分散,无法证实这一假设,也不清楚这一事件是发生在主断层上还是次级断层上。此外,考虑到2010年地震造成的严重破坏主要发生在地震速度较低的沉积盆地,从而放大了地震震动,因此,2021年地震造成严重破坏的地区也可能存在这种物质。我们将利用2021年地震后部署的地震台站的新数据,应用创新技术高精度地检测和定位余震,并调查该地区的三维地壳速度结构。该项目将直接影响研究和教育,为来自美国少数群体的当地本科生提供研究机会。C.滨江社区。该项目还将使海地当地科学家参与,对当地地震监测产生持久影响,以进行地震危险评估,该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过利用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响进行评估,被认为值得支持审查标准。

项目成果

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