Identifying novel memory traces that improve action precision

识别新的记忆痕迹，提高动作精度

• 批准号: 2218427
• 负责人: Maurice Smith
• 金额: $ 63.32万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2218427&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identifying; novel; memory; traces; improve

How do we remember a phone number long enough to dial it or remember two numbers long enough to add them together in our head? This type of memory, called short-term working memory, is a cognitive store that allows a few items to be recalled and acted upon within a short span of time. Early studies of working memory suggested that we can typically remember about 5 to 9 unrelated items. More recent work suggests a true capacity of just 3-4 distinct items. A briefer but far more vivid form of short-term memory, called sensory memory, has been identified in the visual, auditory, and tactile systems. Visual sensory memory, for example, is remarkable in that it can provide incredibly detailed information about 64 or more items in recent visual scenes, a far greater capacity than shown for working memory. The present work will study a previously unidentified proprioceptive sensory memory (proprioception refers to information about the position and movement of the body). Like visual sensory memory, proprioceptive sensory memory provides a high-precision but short-lasting store for sensory information and for information about recent motor actions. The hypothesis is that both type of memories, when available, provide high-precision input into the sensorimotor neural circuitry involved in action planning, allowing for extremely high levels of motor precision.The goals of this proposal are to develop an understanding of the relationship between the availability of novel high-precision proprioceptive and motor command memories and the spatiotemporal properties of improvements in motor precision. The team will begin by identifying the existence of a high-precision sensory memory for proprioception by determining the link between the availability of this novel memory and improved action precision. They will then characterize the extent and time course of the rapid reduction in time scale variability that this memory can provide. Finally, the research will parcel out two novel high-precision hyper-transient memories, proprioceptive sensory memory and motor command memory, based on both spatial and temporal properties, using geometric characterization and direct experimental manipulation. The planned work will develop a framework for understanding how recent sensory and motor memories can work both separately and in combination to improve motor precision during voluntary movement. This project provides a fertile research training opportunity to apply computational and engineering principles and tools to the study of learning and memory in neural circuits for trainees ranging from the undergraduate to the postdoctoral level, and introduces community middle school and high school students to how learning and memory shape the ability to precisely control actions in humans.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们如何记住一个电话号码足够长的时间来拨打它，或者记住两个号码足够长的时间来把它们加在一起？这种类型的记忆，称为短期工作记忆，是一种认知存储，允许在短时间内回忆起一些项目并采取行动。早期的工作记忆研究表明，我们通常可以记住5到9个不相关的项目。最近的研究表明，真正的能力只有3-4个不同的项目。在视觉、听觉和触觉系统中，已经发现了一种更简短但更生动的短期记忆形式，称为感觉记忆。例如，视觉感官记忆的非凡之处在于，它可以提供关于最近视觉场景中64个或更多项目的令人难以置信的详细信息，这比工作记忆的容量要大得多。目前的工作将研究一个以前未确定的本体感觉记忆（本体感觉是指有关身体的位置和运动的信息）。与视觉感觉记忆一样，本体感觉记忆也提供了一种高精度但短暂的感觉信息和关于最近运动动作的信息存储。假设是，这两种类型的记忆，当可用时，提供高精度的输入到参与动作规划的感觉运动神经回路，允许极高水平的运动precision.The本提案的目标是开发一个新的高精度本体感受和运动指令记忆的可用性和运动精度的改善的时空属性之间的关系的理解。 该团队将开始通过确定这种新记忆的可用性和提高动作精度之间的联系，来确定本体感觉的高精度感觉记忆的存在。 然后，他们将描述这种记忆所能提供的时间尺度可变性迅速减少的程度和时间过程。最后，本研究将基于空间和时间特性，使用几何表征和直接实验操作，划分出两种新的高精度超瞬时记忆，本体感觉记忆和运动命令记忆。计划中的工作将开发一个框架，以了解最近的感觉和运动记忆如何单独或组合工作，以提高自愿运动期间的运动精度。该项目提供了一个丰富的研究培训机会，将计算和工程原理和工具应用于神经回路中学习和记忆的研究，适用于从本科到博士后水平的学员，并向社区初中和高中学生介绍学习和记忆如何塑造人类精确控制行动的能力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，