Identifying vulnerabilities in the long-lived HIV reservoir to accelerate its decay
识别长期艾滋病毒储存库的脆弱性以加速其腐烂
基本信息
- 批准号:10673309
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 108.86万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-04-01 至 2028-03-31
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AccelerationAcuteAffectAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntibodiesAntigen PresentationAntigensAutologousBCL2 geneBCL2L1 geneBiological AssayCD4 Positive T LymphocytesCellsCharacteristicsChromatinClonal ExpansionClonalityCoupledCouplesCryopreservationDataEarly DiagnosisEnsureFOXO3A geneFutureGenetic TranscriptionGenomeGoalsHIVHIV GenomeHIV InfectionsHIV envelope proteinHalf-LifeImmunologicsIndividualInfectionLeukapheresisLigandsLongterm Follow-upMaintenanceMeasuresMediatingMemoryMolecularNCOA6 geneNatureParticipantPersonsPharmaceutical PreparationsPhenotypePredispositionProcessProductionProliferatingProteomeProvirusesRandomizedReportingResistanceSamplingSerpinsSourceTestingTimeTransforming Growth Factor betaViralViral GenomeViruscohortdecay accelerationexperimental studyfitnessgenome sequencingimmune checkpointimmune clearanceintegration sitenovel strategiesresponsetoolwhole genome
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
Latently infected CD4+ T cells harboring integrated and replication-competent HIV genomes persist during ART
and are the main obstacle to HIV eradication. In most people with HIV (PWH), the reservoir is extremely stable
with a half-life of over 3 years. All prior attempts to significantly reduce its size or accelerate its decay have failed.
Using samples from participants in the MERLIN clade B primary HIV infection cohort (Lima, Peru), we observed
5 to 10-times faster decay of the HIV reservoir in individuals initiating ART during the first 3 months of infection
compared to those randomized to start ART later, suggesting that HIV-infected cells in people treated early are
more susceptible to elimination. Differences in the half-life of the reservoir, which are maintained during at least
the first 4 years of ART, offer a unique opportunity to identify mechanisms that could be harnessed to reduce the
reservoir in all PWH on ART. In this project, we propose to unravel the cellular and viral features responsible for
the rapid clearance or long-term persistence of individual HIV reservoir cells. We will test the hypothesis that the
capacity of reservoir cells to persist for prolonged periods is driven by a combination of cellular and viral features,
which differ between early and late treated individuals and result in differential reservoir decay. We will take
advantage of the unique MERLIN cohort to study HIV reservoir cells in 12 participants who initiated ART less
than 3 months after HIV acquisition (early ART: rapid decay) and 12 participants who deferred treatment for 6
months (late ART: slow decay). We will study the early, intermediate and late reservoirs, using cryopreserved
leukaphereses (collected at 1 & 2-3 years of ART) and newly collected leukapheresis from the same continually-
suppressed participants at >7 years of ART. In Aim 1, we will test the hypothesis that intrinsic cellular features
of HIV reservoir cells underlie differences in reservoir decay. We will employ a single cell approach to identify
pro-survival factors associated with reservoir stability (Bcl-2, TCF-1, FOXO3A etc.) or that may protect infected
cells from immune clearance (ligands of immune checkpoint molecules, Serpin B9, TGF-β). We will also evaluate
the clonality of the reservoir with the hypothesis that clonal expansions of intact genomes will be more common
in late treated participants. In Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that specific viral characteristics also contribute
to the persistence of HIV-infected cells and will be gradually enriched over time on ART. To determine if specific
viruses are selected against during therapy, we will use an assay that couples integration site sequencing with
HIV transcription assessment, to determine the proportion of reservoir cells that are transcriptionally active. We
will use a novel approach to reconstruct molecular viral clones from the latent reservoir, and will measure the
fitness of these viruses and functionally assess their HIV proteomes. In this way, we will determine if the reservoir
is gradually enriched in proviruses encoding functional Nef and Vpu, which cause escape of antigen presentation
and impede CTL-mediated killing as well as neutralization and ADCC by autologous antibodies. Results from
this study will identify cellular and viral mechanisms that can be targeted to accelerate decay of the HIV reservoir.
项目摘要
潜伏感染的携带整合和复制能力的HIV基因组的CD 4 + T细胞在ART期间持续存在
是根除艾滋病的主要障碍。在大多数艾滋病毒感染者(PWH)中,储存库非常稳定
半衰期超过3年。所有先前试图显著减小其大小或加速其衰变的尝试都失败了。
使用来自MERLIN进化枝B原发性HIV感染队列(利马,秘鲁)参与者的样本,我们观察到
在感染的前3个月内开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的个体中,艾滋病毒储存库的衰减速度快5至10倍
与那些随机开始ART的人相比,这表明早期治疗的人中的HIV感染细胞
更容易被淘汰。储存库半衰期的差异,至少在
抗逆转录病毒疗法的前4年,提供了一个独特的机会,以确定可以利用的机制,
在这个项目中,我们建议解开细胞和病毒的特点,负责
单个HIV储库细胞的快速清除或长期存留。我们将测试假设,
储库细胞持续延长时间的能力由细胞和病毒特征的组合驱动,
其在早期和晚期处理的个体之间不同,并导致不同的储层衰减。我们将采取
独特的MERLIN队列在12名开始ART的参与者中研究HIV储库细胞的优势
艾滋病毒感染后3个月(早期ART:快速衰减),12名参与者推迟治疗6个月,
几个月(晚期ART:缓慢衰变)。我们将研究早期,中期和晚期储层,利用低温保存
白细胞分离术(在ART的1年和2-3年收集)和新收集的白细胞分离术,
在目标1中,我们将检验内在细胞特征
HIV储存库细胞的差异是储存库衰变差异的基础。我们将采用单细胞方法来识别
与储层稳定性相关的促存活因子(Bcl-2、TCF-1、FOXO 3A等)或者保护感染者
免疫清除细胞(免疫检查点分子的配体,Serpin B 9,TGF-β)。我们还将评估
库的克隆性,假设完整基因组的克隆扩增将更常见
晚期治疗的参与者。在目标2中,我们将检验特定病毒特征也有助于
艾滋病毒感染的细胞的持久性,并将随着时间的推移逐渐丰富的艺术。
我们将使用一种将整合位点测序与
HIV转录评估,以确定转录活跃的储库细胞的比例。我们
将使用一种新的方法从潜伏的水库重建分子病毒克隆,并将测量
这些病毒的适应性和功能评估其HIV蛋白质组。这样我们就能确定水库
逐渐富集编码功能性Nef和Vpu的前病毒,其引起抗原呈递的逃逸
并阻止CTL介导的杀伤以及自体抗体的中和和ADCC。结果
这项研究将确定细胞和病毒的机制,可以针对加速衰变的艾滋病毒水库。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Nicolas Chomont其他文献
Nicolas Chomont的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Nicolas Chomont', 18)}}的其他基金
TILDA: A new sensitive and precise assay to measure the size of the latent HIV reservoir
TILDA:一种新的灵敏且精确的检测方法,用于测量潜在 HIV 病毒库的大小
- 批准号:
8968590 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 108.86万 - 项目类别:
TILDA: A new sensitive and precise assay to measure the size of the latent HIV reservoir
TILDA:一种新的灵敏且精确的检测方法,用于测量潜在 HIV 病毒库的大小
- 批准号:
8880118 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 108.86万 - 项目类别:
Purging the latent HIV reservoir at ART initiation: A new eradication strategy
在开始 ART 时清除潜伏的 HIV 病毒库:新的根除策略
- 批准号:
8842344 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 108.86万 - 项目类别:
Purging the latent HIV reservoir at ART inititation: A new eradication strategy
在 ART 启动时清除潜伏的 HIV 病毒库:新的根除策略
- 批准号:
9060627 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 108.86万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms of HIV persistence in distinct memory CD4+ T cell subsets in blood and
HIV在血液和血液中不同记忆CD4 T细胞亚群中持续存在的机制
- 批准号:
8880560 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 108.86万 - 项目类别:
TILDA: A new sensitive and precise assay to measure the size of the latent HIV re
TILDA:一种新的灵敏且精确的检测方法,可测量潜伏 HIV 病毒的大小
- 批准号:
8767463 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 108.86万 - 项目类别:
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