URoL:EN: Convergence of biology and architecture: how emergent system dynamics generate adaptable, robust, and resilient forms

URoL:EN：生物学与建筑学的融合：新兴系统动力学如何生成适应性强、稳健且有弹性的形式

• 批准号: 2222434
• 负责人: Adrienne Roeder
• 金额: $ 300万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222434&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: URoL; EN; Convergence; biology; architecture

How might buildings be designed and constructed to behave more like organisms by responding and adapting to their environments? This project aims to take shape design to the next level such that architecture functions in changing environmental conditions. Likewise, the ability of complex biological systems to thrive in changing environmental conditions depends on their ability to adapt, altering their form and function. During development in both animals and plants, cells must grow, take on specialized functions, and form the complex shapes of organs. In addition, plant tissues can be induced to form unorganized cell masses and regenerate a new organism as a form of biodiversity conservation. In brain cancer, tumors generate new tissue forms, which then compete with the surrounding tissue for their growth. This project tests the core hypothesis that all of these diverse biological systems use a parallel emergent network connecting the system with the environment—a rule of life—to achieve their shapes, and that this same emergent network can be applied to architectural design to generate adaptable, robust, and resilient structures. Rules of life can be identified and tested by using a diverse set of systems, which is why this project will examine chick hearts, plant flowers, brain cancer, plant cell regeneration, and architectural building façades. Society is experiencing the 4th Industrial Revolution where intersections between the digital, physical, and biological are radically altering the world. Some of the most burdensome societal challenges—architecture in the context of climate crisis, congenital heart defects, cancer, and food security—share the trait of defective shape formation. By understanding the fundamental emergent networks generating robustness, adaptability, and resilience, insights will be gained into these intractable problems. The next generation of convergent scientists, engineers, and architects will be trained. The public will experience the innovative architectural prototypes generated through this project in gallery exhibitions. This project will test the hypothesis that the emergence of robust forms, i.e. morphogenesis, occurs through an iterative cycle of multicellular network interactions connecting the system with the environment. Further, this same biologically based emergence network will be applied to transform architecture and manufacturing to create self-assembled, adaptive, and resilient structures. This markedly contrasts with the prevailing dogma that biological and architectural morphogenesis is controlled via a “forward genetic” program without iterative feedback from its biophysical environment. Each step of the cyclical emergence network will be tested by performing the same three experimental techniques in evolving biophysical environments across four diverse biological systems: chick hearts, Arabidopsis flowers, brain cancer in mice, and regenerating Arabidopsis somatic embryos. (Aim 1) Optical coherence elastography will be used to measure the local mechanical properties of the biological systems in 3D and over time in varying mechanical environments. The results will test the first step in the cycle in which cells perceive both internal and external mechanical stresses. (Aim 2) Visium HD spatial RNA-seq technology will be used to determine how cells alter their gene expression profiles in response to external mechanical stresses. The results will test step 2 in the cycle in which cells adapt to stress by altering their material properties, state, and dynamics via changing gene expression. (Aim 3) Hyperspectral multiphoton microscopy will be used to simultaneously image about seven fluorescent markers during shape generation in varying environments. The results will test how the growth, division, and movement of cells adapt the form toward optimal mechanics. This cycle is hypothesized to iterate as progressive form leads to new local mechanical stresses and new interactions within evolving environmental conditions. (Aim 4) These morphogenetic design rules developed in Aims 1-3 will be modeled and employed to create a robust bioinspired load-bearing façade system with emergent properties. This structure will mediate between fluctuating interior and exterior climatic conditions, control structural rigidity, light, temperature, humidity, and airflow in response to an ever-evolving environment. How robust, resilient, and adaptable forms emerge over multiple cycles of this emergent multicellular network will be elucidated.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

如何设计和建造建筑物，使其更像生物体，对环境做出反应和适应？该项目旨在将形状设计提升到一个新的水平，使建筑在不断变化的环境条件下发挥作用。同样，复杂的生物系统在不断变化的环境条件下茁壮成长的能力取决于它们的适应能力，改变它们的形式和功能。在动物和植物的发育过程中，细胞必须生长，承担专门的功能，并形成器官的复杂形状。此外，植物组织可以被诱导形成无组织的细胞团，并再生一个新的生物体，作为生物多样性保护的一种形式。在脑癌中，肿瘤产生新的组织形式，然后与周围组织竞争生长。这个项目测试的核心假设，所有这些不同的生物系统使用一个平行的紧急网络连接系统与环境的生活规则，以实现其形状，这同样的紧急网络可以应用于建筑设计，以产生适应性强，鲁棒性和弹性结构。生命的规则可以通过使用一套不同的系统来识别和测试，这就是为什么这个项目将研究小鸡的心脏，植物的花朵，脑癌，植物细胞再生和建筑物的立面。社会正在经历第四次工业革命，数字，物理和生物之间的交叉正在从根本上改变世界。一些最沉重的社会挑战气候危机背景下的建筑，先天性心脏病，癌症和粮食安全都有缺陷形状形成的特征。通过理解产生鲁棒性、适应性和弹性的基本涌现网络，将深入了解这些棘手的问题。下一代的科学家、工程师和建筑师将接受培训。公众将在画廊展览中体验通过该项目产生的创新建筑原型。该项目将测试一个假设，即健壮形式的出现，即形态发生，通过连接系统与环境的多细胞网络相互作用的迭代循环发生。此外，这种基于生物学的涌现网络将被应用于改造建筑和制造业，以创建自组装、自适应和弹性结构。这与流行的教条形成鲜明对比，即生物和建筑形态发生是通过“正向遗传”程序控制的，而没有来自生物物理环境的迭代反馈。周期性涌现网络的每一步都将通过在四种不同的生物系统中不断演变的生物物理环境中执行相同的三种实验技术进行测试：小鸡心脏，拟南芥花，小鼠脑癌和再生拟南芥体细胞胚胎。(Aim 1）光学相干弹性成像将用于测量生物系统在3D中的局部机械特性以及在不同机械环境中随时间的变化。结果将测试细胞感知内部和外部机械应力的周期的第一步。(Aim 2）Visium HD空间RNA-seq技术将用于确定细胞如何改变其基因表达谱以响应外部机械应力。结果将测试周期中的第2步，在该周期中，细胞通过改变基因表达来改变其材料特性，状态和动力学来适应压力。(Aim 3）高光谱多光子显微镜将用于在不同环境中的形状生成期间同时对大约七个荧光标记进行成像。结果将测试细胞的生长、分裂和运动如何使形态适应最佳力学。这个循环被假设为渐进形式导致新的局部机械应力和在不断变化的环境条件下的新的相互作用。(Aim 4）这些形态发生设计规则在目标1-3中开发，将被建模并用于创建一个强大的生物灵感承重立面系统与新兴的属性。该结构将在波动的内部和外部气候条件之间进行调节，控制结构刚度、光线、温度、湿度和气流，以响应不断变化的环境。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。