RAPID: Examining the Performance of Historic Masonry Structures after the December 2021 Midwest Tornadoes

2021年12月10日至11日，“四州”龙卷风破坏了肯塔基州、阿肯色州、密苏里州和田纳西州的建筑物。这项快速反应研究拨款（Rapid）将进行为期四天的实地调查，记录肯塔基州梅菲尔德这次事件中受损和未受损的砌体结构，目的是提供关于砌体结构在龙卷风荷载下性能的新知识和数据。许多历史悠久的砖石结构目前被排除在最新版本的龙卷风建筑规范要求之外。本研究收集的详细文本和图像数据将有助于了解龙卷风期间砖石结构类型与建筑物损坏之间的关系，可以帮助社区更好地准备和抵御自然灾害事件，并可以为未来的建筑规范要求提供信息。从该奖项收集的数据将存档在美国国家科学基金会（NSF）支持的自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）数据仓库（https://www.DesignSafe-CI.org）中。该奖项将有助于NSF在国家减少风暴影响计划（NWIRP）中的作用。本研究的重点是1)评估改造和适应性再利用砌体结构的有效性，2)阐明美国其他历史建筑的潜在弱点，以及3)确定未来改造和扩建的弹性砌体连接类型。这项研究将为某些类型的砌体结构（风险类别1和2）在龙卷风荷载下提供新的知识和数据。这些知识可以提高历史砌体结构的性能，因为许多历史砌体结构在最近增加的龙卷风建筑设计标准（美国土木工程师学会7-22，建筑物和其他结构的最小设计载荷和相关标准）中没有得到解决。现场侦察将生成一个独特的数据集，包括基于地面和无人机的照片，以及基于地面的详细结构调查，特别关注由于改造或建筑增加而产生的连接类型。数据将使用美国国家科学基金会支持的华盛顿大学NHERI侦察（RAPID）设施的现场设备收集。这项工作的优点在于生成了详细的数据集，其中包括50个砌体结构的3D点云模型、图像和建筑图纸。这个更详细的数据集将有助于量化不同改造和强化方法的效果，为未来的解决方案和建筑规范要求提供信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

On December 10-11, 2021, the “Quad-State” tornadoes damaged structures across Kentucky, Arkansas, Missouri, and Tennessee. This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will conduct a four-day field survey to document damaged and undamaged masonry structures from this event in Mayfield, Kentucky, with the goal to provide new knowledge and data about the performance of masonry structures during tornadic loading. Many historic masonry structures are presently excluded in recent versions of tornadic building code requirements. The detailed textual and image data collected during this research will contribute to understanding the relationship between masonry construction types and building damage during tornadoes, can help communities to better prepare for and be resilient from natural hazard events, and can inform future building code requirements. Data collected from this award will be archived in the National Science Foundation (NSF)-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Data Depot (https://www.DesignSafe-CI.org). This award will contribute to the NSF role in the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program (NWIRP). The focus of this research is 1) to evaluate the efficacy of retrofit and adaptively reused masonry structures, 2) to elucidate potential weaknesses in other historic structures across the United States, and 3) to identify resilient masonry connection typologies for future retrofits and additions. This research will provide new knowledge and data concerning certain types of masonry structures (Risk Categories 1 and 2) during tornadic loading. This knowledge can lead to improving the performance of historic masonry structures, as many historic masonry structures are not addressed in recent additions to tornadic building design criteria (American Society of Civil Engineers 7-22, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures). The field reconnaissance will generate a unique data set that will include ground-based and drone-based photos and ground-based detailed structural surveys focusing specifically on connection typologies due to retrofitting or building additions. Data will be collected using field equipment from the NSF-supported NHERI Reconnaissance (RAPID) Facility at the University of Washington. The merit of this work lies in the detailed data set generated, which will encompass 3D point cloud models, images, and architectural drawings for 50 masonry structures. This more detailed data set will help quantify the efficacy of different retrofitting and strengthening methods to inform future solutions and building code requirements.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.