Strength of the Oceanic Lower Crust: New Experimental and Microstructural Constraints

海洋下地壳的强度：新的实验和微观结构约束

• 批准号: 2224725
• 负责人: Andrew Cross
• 金额: $ 64.12万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-01 至 2025-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Strength; Oceanic; Lower; Crust; New

New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges. At slow-spreading ridges large detachment faults act as a geologic conveyor belt moving rocks from the lower crust and upper mantle upwards towards the seafloor. There is a long-standing debate about whether the oceanic lower crust is strong or weak. Understanding the strength of the lower crust is important for understanding how detachment faults form and evolve. This project will measure the strength of the lower crust using rock samples from a detachment fault at the Southwest Indian Ridge. Project investigators will squeeze minerals from the lower crust at high temperatures and high pressures to determine a relationship with other properties. These results will be applied to rock samples from the Southwest Indian Ridge to investigate the evolution and origin of detachment faulting at this location. Broader impacts include establishing new collaborations with researchers at Brown University and Boston College and providing professional growth opportunities for undergraduate guest students and one postdoctoral investigator.Detachment faults play a central role in the formation of ocean basins and, therefore, in the operation of global plate tectonics. Despite this, fundamental questions remain over whether the oceanic crust is rheologically strong or weak. This project will shed light on the thermomechanical state of a well-characterized oceanic detachment fault system—Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge—with the ultimate goal of constraining the rheological processes that govern detachment fault nucleation, growth, spatial distribution, and longevity. Along the way, the project stands to reconcile long-conflicting views over the strength of the oceanic lower crust. High-temperature, high-pressure deformation experiments will be performed on monomineralic aggregates of plagioclase and clinopyroxene using a triaxial Griggs apparatus at Brown University. The deformed experimental samples will then be analyzed via electron backscatter diffraction to measure subgrain size and recrystallized grain sizes as a function of applied stress, and thereby calibrate piezometric relationships that can be used to estimate the stresses supported by gabbro mylonite core samples from Atlantis Bank (ODP Hole 735B). Meanwhile, syn-deformation temperatures will be estimated for the same Hole 735B core samples via major element and rare-Earth element exchange thermometry, using electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS analyses, respectively. Rheological and geochemical results will ultimately be used to benchmark and develop finite-element models of detachment fault nucleation and growth in collaboration with researchers at Boston College.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

新的地壳在洋中脊形成。在缓慢扩张的海脊，大的拆离断层就像一条地质传送带，将岩石从下地壳和上地幔向上移向海底。关于大洋下地壳是强还是弱的争论由来已久。了解下地壳的强度对于了解拆离断层如何形成和演化是很重要的。该项目将使用西南印度洋脊剥离断层的岩石样本测量下地壳的强度。项目调查人员将在高温和高压下从下地壳中挤压矿物，以确定与其他属性的关系。这些结果将应用于西南印度洋脊的岩石样品，以研究该位置拆离断层的演化和起源。更广泛的影响包括与布朗大学和波士顿学院的研究人员建立新的合作关系，并为本科客座学生和一名博士后研究人员提供专业成长机会。拆离断层在海洋盆地的形成中发挥着核心作用，因此，在全球板块构造的运作中。尽管如此，关于洋壳流变性强还是弱的基本问题仍然存在。该项目将揭示一个良好的特征海洋拆离断层系统的热力学状态-亚特兰蒂斯银行，西南印度洋脊-约束的流变过程，管理拆离断层成核，生长，空间分布和寿命的最终目标。沿着，该项目旨在调和长期以来对海洋下地壳强度的相互冲突的观点。利用布朗大学的三轴Griggs装置对斜长石和单斜辉石的单矿物集合体进行高温高压变形实验。然后通过电子背散射衍射分析变形的实验样品，以测量亚晶粒尺寸和再结晶晶粒尺寸作为施加应力的函数，从而校准测压关系，该关系可用于估计亚特兰蒂斯银行（ODP孔735 B）辉长岩糜棱岩岩心样品所支持的应力。同时，将通过主量元素和稀土元素交换测温，分别使用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS分析，估计相同的孔735 B岩心样品的同变形温度。流变学和地球化学结果将最终用于基准和开发与波士顿学院的研究人员合作的脱离断层成核和生长的有限元模型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。