Collaborative Research: The role of the Southern Ocean in Late Miocene climate change

合作研究:南大洋在晚中新世气候变化中的作用

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2226054
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-01-15 至 2025-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Concern over rising global temperatures makes it important to predict future climate change. However, to predict future climate requires a better understanding of how the climate system works in a warmer world. One way to better understand future warmth is to look at a warm period in the past. The project will explore one of the most recent periods of long-term warmth, the late Miocene, approximately 5 to 8.5 million years ago. The Miocene was characterized by warmer temperatures globally, and particularly in the polar regions. However, currently models are not able to correctly hindcast Miocene temperatures and often underestimate the warming. The ability to predict and understand this warmer world is limited by the availability of observations from the late Miocene. This is particularly true of the Southern Ocean, the area of ocean around Antarctica. This region plays an important role in controlling global temperature changes because it interacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide through physical processes (e.g., ocean mixing) and biological productivity (e.g., photosynthesis). Currently, there are no records of surface ocean temperature or biological productivity from the late Miocene for the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. This project will generate records of late Miocene oceanographic conditions in this region, including ocean surface temperature and biological productivity. These data will document how warm the Southern Ocean was during the late Miocene. The data will also provide key insights into how climate in a warmer world responds to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Finally, the study will assess how processes in the Southern Ocean may have contributed to the cooling of the globe at the end of the Miocene. This work will support graduate and undergraduate students in both oceanography and science education. As part of the project, science education MS students and oceanography PhD students will work together to develop expertise in equitable teaching methods and curricular design.The Miocene (23.3 - 5.05 Ma) is critical to understand as it was a period of sustained warmth leading up to the early phase of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. A recent Miocene model comparison study (MioMIP1) indicates that: during the late Miocene the majority of warmth is attributed to atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) forcing; climate sensitivity to pCO2 forcing is state dependent; regional sensitivity to orbital variations in insolation is poorly understood and model-dependent; while a reduced meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient is generally a robust feature of warm climates with profound impacts on the hydrologic cycle, it is not well-constrained. One of the largest data-model misfits is in the southern high latitudes where models severely underestimate observed warming. However, this misfit is determined by observations from only a few southern sites, none of which are from the vast region of the central Pacific Southern Ocean (SO). This project will produce the first paleoceanographic records from the late Miocene to early Pliocene (8.3 – 4.0 Ma) in the Central Pacific sector of the SO from a recently drilled site (IODP Expedition 383, Site U1541). These records, covering the Late Miocene Cooling and Late Miocene Carbon Isotopic Shift, will enable the determination of South Pacific meridional SST gradients, an evaluation of long-term climate sensitivity to pCO2 forcing and orbital forcing, an assessment of the links between SST and paleoproductivity variability, and of the evolution of deep-water circulation. The project objectives are to: (a) develop a high-resolution Uk’37-based SST record to constrain the cold southern end member of the meridional SST gradient and to evaluate responses to decreasing pCO2 forcing and potential changes in orbital variability as the mean state changed, and (b) use paleoproductivity proxies to test the hypothesis that enhanced marine productivity during the late Miocene contributed to the removal of atmospheric CO2 leading into the Pliocene. Although not the focus of this project, the study will also use benthic foraminiferal d13C at U1541 to constrain zonal and meridional gradients in deep ocean d13C to inform potential changes in global deep-water circulation. The new late Miocene data from Site U1541, a previously unstudied region, will provide new insight into the workings of the climate system in a warmer climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
对全球气温上升的担忧使得预测未来气候变化变得重要。然而,预测未来气候需要更好地了解气候系统在更温暖的世界中如何运作。更好地理解未来温暖的一种方法是看看过去的温暖时期。该项目将探索最近的长期温暖时期之一,即大约500万至850万年前的中新世晚期。中新世的特点是全球气温升高,特别是在极地地区。然而,目前的模型无法正确地追溯中新世的温度,往往低估了变暖。预测和理解这个更温暖的世界的能力受到中新世晚期观测可用性的限制。这一点在南极洲周围的南大洋尤其如此。该区域在控制全球温度变化方面起着重要作用,因为它通过物理过程与大气二氧化碳相互作用(例如,海洋混合)和生物生产力(例如,光合作用)。目前,没有关于南大洋太平洋部分晚中新世以来海洋表面温度或生物生产力的记录。该项目将记录该区域晚中新世的海洋学状况,包括海洋表面温度和生物生产力。这些数据将记录南大洋在中新世晚期的温暖程度。这些数据还将提供关键的见解,以了解在一个更温暖的世界气候如何应对大气二氧化碳的变化。最后,这项研究将评估南大洋的各种过程如何可能促成中新世末期地球仪的冷却。这项工作将支持研究生和本科生在海洋学和科学教育。作为该项目的一部分,科学教育硕士生和海洋学博士生将共同努力,发展在公平的教学方法和课程设计的专业知识。中新世(23. 3 - 5. 05马)是至关重要的理解,因为它是一个持续温暖的时期,导致早期阶段的北方冰川。最近的一项中新世模式比较研究(MioMIP 1)表明:在晚中新世期间,大部分温暖归因于大气二氧化碳(pCO 2)强迫;气候对pCO 2强迫的敏感性取决于国家;对太阳辐射轨道变化的区域敏感性知之甚少,也取决于模式;虽然降低的纬向海表面温度梯度通常是温暖气候的一个强大特征,对水文循环有着深远的影响,但它并没有受到很好的约束。 最大的数据模型不匹配之一是在南部高纬度地区,那里的模型严重低估了观测到的变暖。然而,这种不匹配是由来自南部少数几个地点的观测结果决定的,这些地点都不是来自太平洋中部南大洋(SO)的广阔区域。该项目将从最近钻探的地点(IODP Expedition 383,Site U1541)获得SO中太平洋部分中新世晚期至上新世早期(8.3 - 4.0 Ma)的第一批古海洋学记录。这些记录涵盖了晚中新世冷却和晚中新世碳同位素位移,将有助于确定南太平洋纬向SST梯度,评估长期气候对pCO 2强迫和轨道强迫的敏感性,评估SST与古生产力变化之间的联系,以及深水环流的演变。该项目的目标是:(a)建立一个基于UK'37的高分辨率SST记录,以限制纬向SST梯度的冷南端成员,并评估随着平均状态的变化,对pCO 2强迫下降和轨道变率的潜在变化的响应,以及(B)使用古生产力代用指标来检验以下假设:晚中新世期间海洋生产力的提高有助于大气CO2的去除,导致进入上新世。虽然不是该项目的重点,但该研究还将使用U1541的底栖有孔虫d13 C来限制深海d13 C的纬向和纬向梯度,以告知全球深水环流的潜在变化。新的晚中新世数据从站点U1541,以前未研究的区域,将提供新的洞察气候系统在温暖的气候下的运作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

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Elizabeth Walsh其他文献

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE LEADERSHIP STANDARDS: A MODIFIED DELPHI STUDY APPROACH by
综合刑事司法领导力标准的制定:改进的德尔菲研究方法
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Elizabeth Walsh
  • 通讯作者:
    Elizabeth Walsh
Qualitative research as evidence: criteria for rigour and relevance
作为证据的定性研究:严谨性和相关性的标准
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    D. Freshwater;J. Cahill;Elizabeth Walsh;T. Muncey
  • 通讯作者:
    T. Muncey
Life events, ethnicity and perceptions of discrimination in patients with severe mental illness
严重精神疾病患者的生活事件、种族和歧视认知
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    1999
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.4
  • 作者:
    C. Gilvarry;Elizabeth Walsh;C. Samele;Gerard Hutchinson;R. Mallett;S. Rabe;Thomas Fahy;J. V. Os;Robin M. Murray
  • 通讯作者:
    Robin M. Murray
The current troubled state of the global pathology workforce: a concise review
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s13000-024-01590-2
  • 发表时间:
    2024-12-21
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.300
  • 作者:
    Elizabeth Walsh;Nicolas M Orsi
  • 通讯作者:
    Nicolas M Orsi
Fear in the Delivery Room: A Predictive Model of How Medical Liability, Midwifery Care, and Reproductive Education Affect Cesarean Section Rates in the United States
产房中的恐惧:医疗责任、助产护理和生殖教育如何影响美国剖腹产率的预测模型
  • DOI:
    10.18131/g3jk6x
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.1
  • 作者:
    Elizabeth Walsh
  • 通讯作者:
    Elizabeth Walsh

Elizabeth Walsh的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Elizabeth Walsh', 18)}}的其他基金

Teaching Good Relations in the Land of Plenty: Iñupiat and Non-Iñupiat on the North Slope of Alaska
在鱼米之乡讲授良好关系:阿拉斯加北坡的伊尤皮亚特人和非伊尤皮亚特人
  • 批准号:
    ES/Y010310/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
RaMP: Research opportunities and access for diverse scientists (ROADs) in extreme dryland environments
RaMP:极端旱地环境中不同科学家的研究机会和途径(ROAD)
  • 批准号:
    2319855
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Life cycle evolution in Rotifera: The influence of sexual reproduction on contemporary systematics of Monogononta
合作研究:轮虫的生命周期进化:有性生殖对当代 Monogononta 系统学的影响
  • 批准号:
    2051704
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Integrating genetics, life history, and morphology to understand the diversification of an enigmatic metazoan lineage
合作研究:整合遗传学、生活史和形态学来了解神秘的后生动物谱系的多样化
  • 批准号:
    1257068
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Community Composition and Phylogeography of Microinvertebrates of Chihuahuan Desert Waters (US and Mexico)
奇瓦瓦沙漠水域微型无脊椎动物的群落组成和系统发育地理学(美国和墨西哥)
  • 批准号:
    0516032
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
RIMI: Molecular Systematics of the Rotifera
RIMI:轮虫的分子系统学
  • 批准号:
    9628568
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 19.28万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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