EAGER: Observing Extreme Fire Behavior in Canyons

EAGER：观察峡谷中的极端火灾行为

• 批准号: 2230778
• 负责人: Craig Clements
• 金额: $ 20.2万
• 依托单位: San Jose State University Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2230778&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Observing; Extreme; Fire; Behavior

Fire behavior in canyons is often associated with explosive rates of spread responsible for many firefighter fatalities around the world. Yet, the dominant physical processes responsible for explosive fire growth in canyons remain poorly understood and rarely observed. This project seeks to improve understanding of canyon fire behavior and associated fire weather by conducting a field-scale experiment to collect a suite of new observations of a fire spreading through a steep canyon. This new dataset will help to identify the critical processes leading to the fire acceleration in steep canyons and will serve as an international benchmark for fire prediction model development and provide data that do not currently exist. In the broader scope, the results from this EAGER project will lead to improved fire risk assessment, increased firefighter safety, and better management decisions in mountain regions particularly as wildfires are becoming increasingly more frequent and destructive due to climate change. Using a suite of measurements never previously available, this EAGER project will observe the complete fire evolution from both airborne and ground based remote sensing systems. Convection and radiative heat transfer mechanisms sensitive to canyon topography and resulting fire-atmosphere interactions including fire-induced winds and turbulence structures will be sampled together with the fire dynamics. Furthermore, plume dynamics and associated micrometeorology near the fire front will provide additional context of the interactions between the pyroconvection and fire environment. These novel observations will serve as a foundation to explore many questions including how fire-induced updrafts drive fire spread and how wind alignment with the canyon axis increases convective heating of the fuels and accelerates the rate of spread. The measurement campaign will be supported by numerical simulations made using a coupled fire-atmosphere forecasting system and together will serve as a complete dataset providing an unprecedented examination of the physics governing fire spread in canyon topography.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

峡谷中的火灾行为通常与负责世界上许多消防员死亡的爆炸性爆炸率有关。然而，导致峡谷爆炸性火力增长的主要物理过程仍然很少理解，很少观察到。该项目旨在通过进行现场规模的实验来收集一套新的观察结果，以提高对峡谷火灾行为和相关的火灾天气的理解，以收集一系列通过陡峭的峡谷传播的火灾的新观察。该新数据集将有助于确定导致陡峭峡谷火灾加速的关键过程，并将作为火灾预测模型开发的国际基准，并提供当前不存在的数据。在更广泛的范围中，这个急切的项目的结果将导致改善火灾风险评估，增加消防员的安全性以及在山区的更好的管理决策，尤其是随着由于气候变化而变得越来越频繁和破坏性。使用以前从未有过的一套测量值，这个急切的项目将观察到机载和基于地面的遥感系统的完全火灾演变。对流和辐射传热机制对峡谷地形敏感，以及导致的大气相互作用，包括火引起的风和湍流结构，将与火力动力学一起采样。此外，火阵线附近的羽状动态和相关的微量气象学将为pyoconcontection和Fire环境之间的相互作用提供其他背景。这些新颖的观察结果将成为探索许多问题的基础，包括火灾引起的上升气流如何推动火势蔓延以及与峡谷轴的风对准如何增加燃料的对流加热并加速扩散速度。测量活动将由使用耦合的大气圈预测系统进行的数值模拟支持，并将一起作为一个完整的数据集，提供对峡谷超图中的物理范围范围蔓延的前所未有的检查。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，反映了通过评估范围的支持者的支持者，该奖项已被评估范围众所周知的概念范围。

项目成果

Using Satellite‐Derived Fire Arrival Times for Coupled Wildfire‐Air Quality Simulations at Regional Scales of the 2020 California Wildfire Season

使用卫星导出的火灾到达时间进行耦合野火 - 2020 年加州野火季节区域尺度的空气质量模拟

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jd037062
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Lassman, W.;Mirocha, J. D.;Arthur, R. S.;Kochanski, A. K.;Farguell Caus, A.;Bagley, A. M.;Carreras Sospedra, M.;Dabdub, D.;Barbato, M.
• 通讯作者: Barbato, M.