Planning: FIRE-PLAN: Planning Megafire Research Across Scales and Disciplines

随着人口增长、土地使用习惯和气候变化，野火在美国和世界各地的危害越来越大。最极端的野火被称为特大火灾。特大火灾摧毁了大片地区，并突破了大多数生态系统、社区和社会的弹性阈值。大火几乎没有给平民安全疏散留下时间，并使整个大陆暴露在危险水平的烟雾中数天至数周。该奖项将召集代表研究、卫生、应急管理和消防专业人员的个人参加一系列三个研讨会，以确定最高优先级的野火研究，从而改善公共安全、人类健康和经济安全。三个讲习班，其中两个将在加利福尼亚州圣何塞举行，另一个将在马萨诸塞州伍彻斯特举行，将汇集来自气象、工程、消防安全、社区复原力和人类健康等社区的30-40名跨学科参与者。一位接受过团队科学培训的主持人/主持人将在为期两天的研讨会上帮助领导富有成效和包容性的讨论。研讨会的主题是：研讨会1：测量特大火灾的极端火灾行为研究。工作坊2：社区规模对极端火灾的弹性-新工具和所需数据。工作坊3：开发国家模型预测试验台的需求。研讨会的初始产品将包括三份已发表的白皮书：(1)设计一个全面的现场活动，以监测和观察Megafire在时间、长度和能量上的过程；(2)制定路线图，通过利用已知的野火事件期间不同社区的需求以及参与者专业知识的数据和模型的局限性，提供工具来支持社区规模的恢复能力；(3)制定包括最终用户需求和观点在内的国家特大火灾模型预测测试平台的要求。该奖项由NSF的多个项目共同资助，包括：GEO/AGS的物理和动态气象学、ENG/CBET的燃烧和火灾系统、ENG/CMMI的民用基础设施和人类、灾害和建筑环境工程，以及SBE/BCS的人类环境和地理科学。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Wildfires are a growing hazard in the United States and around the world as population growth, land-use practices, and climate change all contribute to a heightened level of risk. The most extreme wildfires are known as Megafires. Megafires devastate a large area and push through the resiliency thresholds of most ecosystems, communities, and societies. Megafires leave little time for safe civilian evacuation and expose continental scale areas to hazardous levels of smoke for days to weeks. This award will bring together individuals representing research, health, emergency management, and fire professionals in a series of three workshops to define the highest priority wildfire research that will result in improvements to public safety, human health, and economic security.Three workshops, two to be held in San Jose, California and the other in Worchester, Massachusetts, will bring together 30-40 interdisciplinary participants from communities such as meteorology, engineering, fire safety, community resilience, and human health. A moderator/facilitator with team-science training will help lead productive and inclusive discussions over the two-day workshops. The themes of the workshops are:Workshop 1: Measuring Megafires for extreme fire behavior research.Workshop 2: Community Scale Resilience to Extreme Fire – New Tools and Needed Data.Workshop 3: Develop the requirements for a National Model Prediction Test Bed.The initial products from the workshops will include three published whitepapers on: (1) designing a comprehensive field campaign to monitor and observe Megafire processes across scales of time, length, and energy; (2) developing a roadmap to provide tools to support community-scale resilience by leveraging what is known about differential community needs during a wildfire event as well as the limitations of data and models from participant expertise, and (3) developing the requirements for a National Model Prediction Test Bed on Megafires that includes end-user needs and perspectives.This award is being co-funded across various programs at NSF, including: Physical and Dynamic Meteorology in GEO/AGS, Combustion and Fire Systems in ENG/CBET, Engineering for Civil Infrastructure and Humans, Disasters, and the Built Environment in ENG/CMMI, and Human-Environment and Geographical Sciences in SBE/BCS.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.