Collaborative Research: AON: The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO)

大量的北方河流将大量的水和水媒成分从大陆输送到北冰洋。在北极快速变化的这段时期，河流化学和排放的趋势为陆地上发生的变化以及它们如何影响北冰洋以及依赖河流和沿海资源的北极居民提供了强有力的见解。北极大河观测站（ArcticGRO）调查了北极最大河流的化学和流量如何变化。 这一点很重要，因为北极河流的流量和化学反应反映了整个流域发生的过程，从而提供了一个综合衡量陆地变化的方法。河流化学和排放的变化也会影响化学、生物、海冰形成以及接收沿海和海洋沃茨的循环，因此了解北冰洋过程需要了解通过河流输入的大陆信息。 北极大河观测站的重点是北极的六条最大的河流：北美的育空地区和麦肯齐河以及西伯利亚的鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河和科雷马河。 每年从这些河流中采集六次水样，并分析各种生物地球化学参数，包括营养物质，有机物，主要离子和微量元素以及悬浮沉积物。ArcticGRO还管理这六条河流的日流量数据，并已开始收集和传播俄罗斯北极地区另外九条河流的日流量数据。ArcticGRO的六条主要河流的流域占泛北极流域面积的67%，加上俄罗斯北极地区的九条河流，ArcticGRO的覆盖范围增加到泛北极流域的77%。 因此，ArcticGRO的水质采样和河流排放数据的管理捕获了北冰洋的绝大多数河流输入。所有由此产生的数据都可以通过ArcticGRO的网站（arcticgreatrivers.org）和北极数据中心免费获得。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

Massive northern rivers transport huge quantities of water and waterborne constituents from the continents to the Arctic Ocean. During this period of rapid Arctic change, trends in river chemistry and discharge provide powerful insights into changes occurring on land and how they may impact the Arctic Ocean as well as Arctic residents who rely on river and coastal resources. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) investigates how the chemistry and discharge of the Arctic's largest rivers are changing. This is important because the discharge and chemistry of Arctic rivers reflect processes occurring throughout their watersheds, thus providing an integrative measure of terrestrial change. Changes in river chemistry and discharge also influences the chemistry, biology, sea ice formation, and circulation of the receiving coastal and ocean waters, so understanding Arctic Ocean processes requires knowledge of continental inputs via rivers. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory focuses on the Arctic's six largest rivers; the Yukon and Mackenzie in North America and the Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma in Siberia. Water samples are collected from each of these rivers six times per year and are analyzed for a wide variety of biogeochemical parameters including nutrients, organic matter, major ions and trace elements, and suspended sediments. ArcticGRO also curates daily discharge data for these six rivers and has begun to gather and disseminate daily discharge data for nine additional rivers in the Russian Arctic. The watersheds of ArcticGRO's six primary rivers account for 67% of the pan-Arctic watershed area and, with the nine additional rivers in the Russian Arctic, ArcticGRO's coverage increases to 77% of the pan-Arctic watershed. Thus, ArcticGRO's water quality sampling and curation of river discharge data captures the vast majority of riverine inputs to the Arctic Ocean. All resulting data are freely available through ArcticGRO's website (arcticgreatrivers.org) and through the Arctic Data Center.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.