Collaborative Research: AON: The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO)

巨大的北方河流将大量的水和水中的成分从大陆输送到北冰洋。在北极快速变化的这段时期，河流化学和流量的趋势提供了关于陆地上发生的变化及其可能如何影响北冰洋以及依赖河流和沿海资源的北极居民的强有力的见解。北极大河天文台(ArcticGRO)调查北极最大河流的化学成分和流量是如何变化的。这一点很重要，因为北极河流的流量和化学物质反映了整个流域发生的过程，从而提供了陆地变化的综合衡量标准。河流化学和流量的变化也影响到接收的沿海和海洋水域的化学、生物、海冰形成和循环，因此，了解北冰洋的过程需要了解大陆通过河流输入的信息。北极大河观测站的重点是北极的六条最大的河流：北美的育空河和麦肯齐河，以及西伯利亚的鄂比河、叶尼西河、莱纳河和科利马河。每年从每条河流采集水样六次，并对各种生物地球化学参数进行分析，包括营养物质、有机物、主要离子和微量元素以及悬浮沉积物。ArcticGRO还负责管理这六条河流的日流量数据，并已开始收集和传播俄罗斯北极另外九条河流的日流量数据。ArcticGRO的六条主要河流的流域占泛北极分水岭面积的67%，加上俄罗斯北极的另外九条河流，ArcticGRO的覆盖率增加到泛北极分水岭的77%。因此，ArcticGRO的水质采样和河流流量数据管理收集了北冰洋的绝大多数河流输入。所有结果数据都可以通过ArcticGRO的网站(arcticGreat rivers.org)和北极数据中心免费获得。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Massive northern rivers transport huge quantities of water and waterborne constituents from the continents to the Arctic Ocean. During this period of rapid Arctic change, trends in river chemistry and discharge provide powerful insights into changes occurring on land and how they may impact the Arctic Ocean as well as Arctic residents who rely on river and coastal resources. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) investigates how the chemistry and discharge of the Arctic's largest rivers are changing. This is important because the discharge and chemistry of Arctic rivers reflect processes occurring throughout their watersheds, thus providing an integrative measure of terrestrial change. Changes in river chemistry and discharge also influences the chemistry, biology, sea ice formation, and circulation of the receiving coastal and ocean waters, so understanding Arctic Ocean processes requires knowledge of continental inputs via rivers. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory focuses on the Arctic's six largest rivers; the Yukon and Mackenzie in North America and the Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma in Siberia. Water samples are collected from each of these rivers six times per year and are analyzed for a wide variety of biogeochemical parameters including nutrients, organic matter, major ions and trace elements, and suspended sediments. ArcticGRO also curates daily discharge data for these six rivers and has begun to gather and disseminate daily discharge data for nine additional rivers in the Russian Arctic. The watersheds of ArcticGRO's six primary rivers account for 67% of the pan-Arctic watershed area and, with the nine additional rivers in the Russian Arctic, ArcticGRO's coverage increases to 77% of the pan-Arctic watershed. Thus, ArcticGRO's water quality sampling and curation of river discharge data captures the vast majority of riverine inputs to the Arctic Ocean. All resulting data are freely available through ArcticGRO's website (arcticgreatrivers.org) and through the Arctic Data Center.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.