Collaborative Research: AON: The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO)

大量的北部河流将大量的水和水生成分从大陆输送到北冰洋。在北极快速变化的这一时期，河流化学和排放的趋势为陆地上发生的变化以及它们如何影响北冰洋以及依赖河流和沿海资源的北极居民提供了强有力的见解。北极大河观测站（ArcticGRO）调查了北极最大河流的化学成分和流量是如何变化的。这一点很重要，因为北极河流的排放和化学反应反映了整个流域发生的过程，从而提供了陆地变化的综合衡量标准。河流化学和流量的变化也影响着化学、生物、海冰形成以及接收海岸和海洋水域的环流，因此了解北冰洋的过程需要了解通过河流输入的大陆。北极大河观测站（Arctic Great Rivers Observatory）专注于北极的六条大河；北美的育空和麦肯齐以及西伯利亚的鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河和科雷马河。每年从这些河流中采集六次水样，并对各种生物地球化学参数进行分析，包括营养物质、有机物、主要离子和微量元素以及悬浮沉积物。ArcticGRO还整理了这六条河流的日流量数据，并已开始收集和传播俄罗斯北极地区另外九条河流的日流量数据。ArcticGRO的6条主要河流的流域占泛北极流域面积的67%，加上俄罗斯北极地区的9条额外河流，ArcticGRO的覆盖范围增加到泛北极流域的77%。因此，ArcticGRO的水质采样和河流流量数据管理捕获了绝大多数流入北冰洋的河流。所有结果数据都可以通过ArcticGRO的网站（arcticgreatrivers.org）和北极数据中心免费获得。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Massive northern rivers transport huge quantities of water and waterborne constituents from the continents to the Arctic Ocean. During this period of rapid Arctic change, trends in river chemistry and discharge provide powerful insights into changes occurring on land and how they may impact the Arctic Ocean as well as Arctic residents who rely on river and coastal resources. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) investigates how the chemistry and discharge of the Arctic's largest rivers are changing. This is important because the discharge and chemistry of Arctic rivers reflect processes occurring throughout their watersheds, thus providing an integrative measure of terrestrial change. Changes in river chemistry and discharge also influences the chemistry, biology, sea ice formation, and circulation of the receiving coastal and ocean waters, so understanding Arctic Ocean processes requires knowledge of continental inputs via rivers. The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory focuses on the Arctic's six largest rivers; the Yukon and Mackenzie in North America and the Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma in Siberia. Water samples are collected from each of these rivers six times per year and are analyzed for a wide variety of biogeochemical parameters including nutrients, organic matter, major ions and trace elements, and suspended sediments. ArcticGRO also curates daily discharge data for these six rivers and has begun to gather and disseminate daily discharge data for nine additional rivers in the Russian Arctic. The watersheds of ArcticGRO's six primary rivers account for 67% of the pan-Arctic watershed area and, with the nine additional rivers in the Russian Arctic, ArcticGRO's coverage increases to 77% of the pan-Arctic watershed. Thus, ArcticGRO's water quality sampling and curation of river discharge data captures the vast majority of riverine inputs to the Arctic Ocean. All resulting data are freely available through ArcticGRO's website (arcticgreatrivers.org) and through the Arctic Data Center.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.