Conference: Advanced Air Mobility: Will Law Lift or Ground a New Era of Human Transportation?

会议：先进空中交通：法律会推动还是奠定人类交通的新时代？

• 批准号: 2232225
• 负责人: Timothy Ravich
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: The University of Central Florida Board of Trustees
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2232225&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Conference; Advanced; Air; Mobility; Will

A new era of human mobility is on the horizon as investment pours into transformative airborne technologies referred to as advanced air mobility (AAM)—the local, on-demand movement of people and goods by air using autonomous or uncrewed electric aircraft that take off and land vertically (eVTOL). “Flying taxis” and the concept of aerial ridesharing at traditional taxi prices portend a reduction in congestion and a radically improved urban mobility experience relative to heavy-infrastructure approaches such as roads, rails, bridges, and tunnels. AAM thus promises to democratize flight by offering affordable and environmentally sustainable transportation between places previously not served or underserved by aviation, including “rooftop-to-rooftop” suburban destinations along intracity and intercity corridors. Engineering challenges ostensibly present the highest hurdles to achieving clean, reliable, high-speed, air mobility networks. But, in fact, legal and regulatory issues present the greatest headwinds. These include problems of property (e.g., airspace and land use), jurisdiction and federalism, safety and security, and community acceptance. Also implicated are auxiliary issues including cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, crime and policing, and social and economic equity where law and the “rules of the road” for new technologies are still indeterminate. To realize the full transformative potential of AAM, formulating comprehensive and cohesive analysis addressing these and other matters is critical (and wanting).This conference seeks to generate new knowledge and identify further areas of inquiry with respect to the significance and feasibility of AAM. Its goal is to provide traction on challenging questions relating to an ongoing revolution in mobility by gathering perspectives from across disciplines about how to (re)calibrate the legal-regulatory framework for civil air transport alongside extraordinary breakthroughs in aeronautical engineering. It will do so in two dimensions. First it will study “above the ground” issues, including an evaluation of known and anticipated legal and technical challenges in enabling the safe, secure, and efficient operation of an increasingly complex airspace. Second, it will examine “on the ground” concerns including safety and security, governance challenges, the environment, and community impact. Equitable and ethical considerations will permeate the conference as panelists will assess whether the central imagined benefit of AAM—inexpensive, green, on-demand aerial mobility—is inclusive and accessible across all social demographics. Relatedly, whereas women and individuals from underrepresented groups have had limited opportunities to participate in the development of transformative innovations in aviation, law, and science historically, this project is intentional about featuring new voices from the broadest demographic continuum so as to effect the core aspiration of AAM as an equalizer of access. In all, by exploring the intersection of legal and technological innovation in a new era of aviation, the reach of this project will extend beyond aviation as the findings it disseminates could benefit other scholarship at the intersection of science and law that seeks to understand how new technology disrupts legal equilibria, renders existing laws obsolete, and/or requires the creation of new rules and frameworks to account for pioneering inventions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着对被称为先进空中机动性(AAM)的变革性空中技术的投资涌入地平线，人类流动性的新时代即将到来。AAM是指使用自动或无人驾驶的电动飞机垂直起降(EVTOL)进行本地、按需空运的人员和货物。“飞行出租车”和以传统出租车价格搭乘飞机的概念预示着，相对于道路、铁路、桥梁和隧道等重型基础设施方式，拥堵将得到缓解，城市交通体验将得到根本改善。因此，AAM承诺通过在以前没有得到航空服务或服务不足的地方之间提供负担得起的、环境可持续的交通工具来实现飞行民主化，包括沿市内和城际走廊的“屋顶到屋顶”郊区目的地。工程挑战表面上是实现清洁、可靠、高速、空中移动网络的最高障碍。但事实上，法律和监管问题是最大的阻力。这些问题包括财产问题(例如，空域和土地使用)、管辖权和联邦制、安全和安保以及社区接受度问题。还牵涉到一些辅助问题，包括网络安全、人工智能、犯罪和警务，以及社会和经济公平，在这些问题上，法律和新技术的“道路规则”仍不确定。要实现AAM的全部变革潜力，针对这些问题和其他问题制定全面和连贯的分析是至关重要的(也是需要的)。本次会议寻求产生新的知识，并确定关于AAM的重要性和可行性的进一步调查领域。它的目标是通过收集跨学科的观点，在航空工程方面取得非凡突破的同时，就如何(重新)校准民用航空运输的法律监管框架，为与正在进行的机动性革命有关的挑战性问题提供牵引力。它将在两个维度做到这一点。首先，它将研究“地面上”的问题，包括评估已知和预期的法律和技术挑战，使日益复杂的空域能够安全、可靠和有效地运行。其次，它将审查“实地”关注的问题，包括安全和安保、治理挑战、环境和社区影响。公平和道德的考虑将渗透到会议中，因为小组成员将评估AAM的核心想象好处-廉价、绿色、按需空中移动性-是否包容所有社会人口，并可在所有社会人口中获得。与此相关的是，虽然妇女和来自代表性不足群体的个人在历史上参与航空、法律和科学领域的变革性创新发展的机会有限，但这个项目的目的是从最广泛的人口连续统中发出新的声音，以实现AAM作为机会均衡器的核心愿望。总而言之，通过探索航空新时代法律和技术创新的交叉点，该项目的覆盖范围将扩展到航空以外，因为它传播的发现可能会使科学和法律交叉点的其他学术受益，这些学术寻求理解新技术如何破坏法律平衡，使现有法律过时，和/或要求创建新的规则和框架来解释开创性发明。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。