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EAGER: Environmental nitrite is a nitric oxide donor that modulates fish olfactory function.

EAGER：环境中的亚硝酸盐是一种一氧化氮供体，可调节鱼类的嗅觉功能。

基本信息

批准号：
2232789
负责人：
Mar Huertas
金额：
$ 29.81万
依托单位：
Texas State University - San Marcos
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-01-15 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2232789&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAGER Environmental nitrite nitric oxide

项目摘要

This project explores a novel hypothesis about the sense of smell (olfaction) in bony fishes. In mammals, detection of smells and brain integration of olfactory information can be mediated by nitric oxide that is produced in the brain mainly by oxygen-dependent (aerobic) processes. Fishes often live in oxygen-poor environments in which aerobic production of nitric oxide is inhibited. Thus, it is unknown how nitric oxide-dependent smell sensation occurs in fishes when in low-oxygen environments, conditions that are becoming more common in a warming climate. The project will investigate how goldfish uptake aquatic nitrogenous compounds within the nose, and how nitric oxide is generated to control neuronal function, even under low-oxygen conditions. The results of this research will be applicable to other fishes, including aquacultured species such as trout, and thus could have direct applications in fish farming and may help to inform conservation efforts. The goals of the project’s integrated education components are to enhance the success of Hispanic and other underrepresented graduate students at Texas State University (a Hispanic Serving Institution), focusing especially on building science communication writing skills, which can ultimately be used to inform the local community about the relevance of the sense of smell in natural populations.The role of nitric oxide in olfactory processes is complex and poorly understood. Moreover, little is known about how this signaling molecule modulates olfaction in aquatic vertebrates. This research will use goldfish as a model to test whether environmental nitrite is actively taken up from the water via a chloride-carbonate anion-exchange transporter protein in the nasal epithelium of teleost fishes, accumulated there, and then transported into the central nervous system to be used as a nitric oxide donor to control neuronal function. The project will also test whether nitric oxide can be produced by non-oxidative pathways (via heme proteins and molybdenum enzymes), thus ensuring olfactory function even in hypoxic or anoxic conditions. The project is considered to be potentially transformative because, if the hypotheses are supported, the project will establish a new mechanism to detect and transfer olfactory sensory information to the brain, and lead to new directions in the field of fish sensory biology. A post-doctoral fellow and a graduate student trainee, recruited from groups underrepresented in science, will be involved in the research, and an annual writing workshop will meet an identified need for development of graduate students’ scientific communication skills. The award will also add to the research resources at the institution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目探索了一个关于硬骨鱼嗅觉(嗅觉)的新假设。在哺乳动物中，嗅觉的检测和大脑嗅觉信息的整合可以由一氧化氮介导，一氧化氮主要是由大脑中依赖氧气的(有氧)过程产生的。鱼类通常生活在缺氧的环境中，在这种环境中，一氧化氮的有氧生产受到抑制。因此，目前尚不清楚在低氧环境中，鱼类如何产生依赖一氧化氮的气味感觉，这种情况在气候变暖的情况下变得越来越常见。该项目将研究金鱼如何在鼻子内吸收水中含氮化合物，以及即使在低氧条件下，一氧化氮是如何产生来控制神经元功能的。这项研究的结果将适用于其他鱼类，包括鲑鱼等水产养殖物种，因此可能在水产养殖中直接应用，并可能有助于为保护工作提供信息。该项目的综合教育部分的目标是提高德克萨斯州立大学(一家拉美裔服务机构)的拉美裔和其他代表性不足的研究生的成功，特别是专注于培养科学交流写作技能，这些技能最终可以用来告诉当地社区自然人口嗅觉的相关性。一氧化氮在嗅觉过程中的作用是复杂的，也是鲜为人知的。此外，人们对这种信号分子如何调节水生脊椎动物的嗅觉知之甚少。这项研究将以金鱼为模型，测试环境中的亚硝酸盐是否通过硬骨鱼鼻部上皮中的氯离子-碳酸盐阴离子交换转运蛋白从水中主动吸收，积累在那里，然后运输到中枢神经系统，作为一氧化氮供体来控制神经元功能。该项目还将测试一氧化氮是否可以通过非氧化途径(通过血红素蛋白和钼酶)产生，从而确保即使在低氧或缺氧条件下也能发挥嗅觉功能。该项目被认为具有潜在的变革性，因为如果这些假设得到支持，该项目将建立一种新的机制来检测嗅觉信息并将其传输到大脑，并在鱼类感觉生物学领域引领新的方向。一名博士后研究员和一名研究生实习生将参与这项研究，他们是从科学界代表性较低的群体中招聘的，一年一度的写作讲习班将满足研究生科学交流技能发展的明确需求。该奖项还将增加研究所的研究资源。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。