Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Effects of Language Experience on Statistical Learning in Infants and Adults
博士论文研究:语言体验对婴儿和成人统计学习的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:2234422
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.89万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-03-15 至 2025-02-28
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This doctoral dissertation project examines how the particular language a person knows influences how they learn an additional language. The project also examines whether knowing more than one language affects how a person learns an additional language. To address these questions, the researchers carry out experiments with infants who are exposed to only one language, infants who are bilingually exposed to two languages, and with monolingual English-speaking college students who are in the process of learning a second language. The experiments for all the participants involve testing their ability to learn artificial languages that have been designed to have important similarities to real human languages. By investigating what properties of the artificial languages are easier or harder to learn for various groups of participants, the researchers understand how a person's overall experience with languages influences their learning of new ones. The results of this project generate insights into the process of normal language learning that can be used to design language interventions for people with language learning difficulties. This project provides training opportunities for undergraduate students, to gain expertise in psycholinguistic research.The language properties we investigate involve dependencies between words that arise because of the grammatical rules of the language, in particular non-adjacent dependencies (NADs) that involve words that are not immediately adjacent. For example, in typical sentences in English, the form of the verb and the following noun depend on each other, but can be separated. Discovering these dependency patterns is essential for language acquisition. While recent research suggests that learners’ prior experience within a laboratory testing session shapes their expectations and influences the types of patterns they subsequently track, there has been little attention to the influence of learners’ broader language experience on subsequent learning. This project uses behavioral measures to examine the interactions between someone’s prior language experience and the ability to learn and generalize from dependency patterns in a new language. The first experiment compares the performances of monolingual and bilingual 12-month-old infants learning different languages on a NAD learning task. It tests two hypotheses: 1) that the structures in 12-month-old infants’ exposure to language influence their sensitivity to NADs, and 2) that their bilingual status influences this sensitivity. The second experiment compares the learning of different dependency patterns in native English speakers learning two different languages, and monolingual English speakers. In this experiment, the researchers test the effects of learning one language on the ease of learning an additional language, examining how the particular language that is learned make certain properties of the additional language easier to learn.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
这个博士论文项目研究了一个人所知道的特定语言如何影响他们学习另一种语言的方式。该项目还研究了掌握一门以上的语言是否会影响一个人学习另一门语言的方式。为了解决这些问题,研究人员对只接触一种语言的婴儿、双语接触两种语言的婴儿以及正在学习第二语言的单语英语大学生进行了实验。所有参与者的实验都包括测试他们学习人工语言的能力,这些语言被设计得与真实的人类语言有重要的相似之处。通过调查不同群体的参与者更容易或更难学习人工语言的哪些特性,研究人员了解了一个人对语言的整体体验如何影响他们对新语言的学习。这个项目的结果产生了对正常语言学习过程的见解,可以用来为有语言学习困难的人设计语言干预。本项目为本科生提供培训机会,以获得心理语言学研究方面的专业知识。我们研究的语言属性涉及由于语言的语法规则而产生的单词之间的依赖关系,特别是涉及不是直接相邻的单词的非相邻依赖关系(NADs)。例如,在英语的典型句子中,动词和后面的名词的形式相互依赖,但可以分开。发现这些依赖模式对于语言习得至关重要。虽然最近的研究表明,学习者先前在实验室测试中的经验塑造了他们的期望,并影响了他们随后跟踪的模式类型,但很少有人关注学习者更广泛的语言经验对随后学习的影响。该项目使用行为测量方法来检查某人先前的语言经验与学习新语言并从依赖模式中进行归纳的能力之间的相互作用。第一个实验比较了12个月大的单语和双语婴儿在NAD学习任务中学习不同语言的表现。它测试了两个假设:1)12个月大的婴儿接触语言的结构影响他们对nad的敏感性,2)他们的双语状态影响这种敏感性。第二个实验比较了母语为英语的人学习两种不同语言和单语英语的人学习不同依赖模式的情况。在这个实验中,研究人员测试了学习一种语言对学习另一种语言的难易程度的影响,研究了学习的特定语言是如何使额外语言的某些特性更容易学习的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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{{ truncateString('Toben Mintz', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Considering the effects of disfluent speech on children's sentence processing capabilities and language development
博士论文研究:考虑不流利的言语对儿童句子处理能力和语言发展的影响
- 批准号:
2041372 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 1.89万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral dissertation research: Infants' ability to discriminate statements and questions
博士论文研究:婴儿辨别陈述和问题的能力
- 批准号:
1227074 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 1.89万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Acquisition of Grammatical Categories by Infants
婴儿语法类别的习得
- 批准号:
0721328 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 1.89万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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