Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust Events across the United States over Twenty (20) Years, Insight into Their Meteorological Causes and Conditions

二十 (20) 年来美国沙尘事件的时空分布，深入了解其气象原因和条件

• 批准号: 2235913
• 负责人: Karin Ardon-Dryer
• 金额: $ 48万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2235913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatial; Temporal; Distribution; Dust; Events

Dust events, which impact millions across the US, are an important and complex constituent of the atmospheric system and are one of the main natural contributors to atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM). Atmospheric dust particles affect the climate, economy, and environment, as well as human well-being and health. There is a major concern regarding dust events, as multiple climate model studies indicate that as climate change progresses, more dust events are expected across the US. Dust events in the US can be of varying intensities (blowing dust vs. dust storm) and types (synoptic vs. convective), but their distributions (spatial, temporal, or type) and impacts across the US are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to better understand dust events, spatial and temporal distributions, the meteorological conditions that initiate them, and those measured during them. The project will include several broader impact activities including the recruitment of undergraduates and graduate students with a focus on recruitment of students from underrepresented minorities groups, hands-on activity for undergraduate students, general public lectures as part of the Texas Tech Climate Center, as well as sharing the information and database retrieved from this project with the scientific community as part of the Dust Alliance for North America (DANA) community.The project will create the first national wide dust event database that will include blowing dust events as well as dust storms that occur across the US for the last 20 years. Identification of dust events will be made using meteorological stations spread across the US. Different tools (including changes in PM, satellite images, IMPROVE, AERONET, etc.) will be used to confirm these dust events. Using multiple tools including weather pressure maps, satellite images, and radar images, each dust event will be identified for the meteorological conditions that caused it. Comparison between the meteorological measurements and conditions during and those that initiate dust events as well as changes in larger climatology scales including drought and climatological indices will advance our fundamental knowledge of dust events by providing a detailed view of their spatial and temporal changes, the common types, and the meteorological conditions that cause them. The database created from this project could improve the understanding of the potential impact of dust events on climate (e.g., radiation, cloud microphysics, and precipitation processes) and impact on air quality and human health. It could also be used for better prediction methods and may serve as the basis for a national alert dust system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

沙尘事件影响了美国数百万人，是大气系统的重要而复杂的组成部分，也是大气颗粒物（PM）的主要自然贡献者之一。大气尘埃颗粒影响气候、经济和环境，以及人类的福祉和健康。沙尘事件是一个主要问题，因为多个气候模型研究表明，随着气候变化的进展，预计美国各地将出现更多的沙尘事件。美国的沙尘事件可能具有不同的强度（吹尘与沙尘暴）和类型（天气与对流），但其分布（空间，时间或类型）和美国各地的影响尚不清楚。因此，有必要更好地了解沙尘事件、时空分布、引发沙尘事件的气象条件以及在沙尘事件期间测量到的气象条件。该项目将包括几个更广泛的影响活动，包括招聘本科生和研究生，重点是招聘来自代表性不足的少数群体的学生，为本科生开展实践活动，作为德克萨斯理工大学气候中心的一部分进行公众讲座，以及与科学界分享从该项目中检索到的信息和数据库，作为北方沙尘联盟的一部分。该项目将创建第一个全国范围的沙尘事件数据库，其中包括过去20年来美国各地发生的沙尘事件和沙尘暴。沙尘事件的识别将使用分布在美国各地的气象站进行。不同的工具（包括PM、卫星图像、IMPROVE、AERONET等的变化）将被用来确认这些尘埃事件使用多种工具，包括天气压力图，卫星图像和雷达图像，每一个沙尘事件都将根据引起它的气象条件来确定。比较沙尘事件发生期间和发生时的气象测量和条件，以及包括干旱和气候指数在内的更大气候尺度的变化，将通过提供沙尘事件的详细视图来增进我们对沙尘事件的基本知识。时空变化、常见类型及造成这些变化的气象条件。从该项目创建的数据库可以提高对沙尘事件对气候的潜在影响的理解（例如，辐射、云微物理学和降水过程）以及对空气质量和人类健康的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。