Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust Events across the United States over Twenty (20) Years, Insight into Their Meteorological Causes and Conditions

二十 (20) 年来美国沙尘事件的时空分布，深入了解其气象原因和条件

• 批准号: 2235913
• 负责人: Karin Ardon-Dryer
• 金额: $ 48万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2235913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatial; Temporal; Distribution; Dust; Events

Dust events, which impact millions across the US, are an important and complex constituent of the atmospheric system and are one of the main natural contributors to atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM). Atmospheric dust particles affect the climate, economy, and environment, as well as human well-being and health. There is a major concern regarding dust events, as multiple climate model studies indicate that as climate change progresses, more dust events are expected across the US. Dust events in the US can be of varying intensities (blowing dust vs. dust storm) and types (synoptic vs. convective), but their distributions (spatial, temporal, or type) and impacts across the US are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to better understand dust events, spatial and temporal distributions, the meteorological conditions that initiate them, and those measured during them. The project will include several broader impact activities including the recruitment of undergraduates and graduate students with a focus on recruitment of students from underrepresented minorities groups, hands-on activity for undergraduate students, general public lectures as part of the Texas Tech Climate Center, as well as sharing the information and database retrieved from this project with the scientific community as part of the Dust Alliance for North America (DANA) community.The project will create the first national wide dust event database that will include blowing dust events as well as dust storms that occur across the US for the last 20 years. Identification of dust events will be made using meteorological stations spread across the US. Different tools (including changes in PM, satellite images, IMPROVE, AERONET, etc.) will be used to confirm these dust events. Using multiple tools including weather pressure maps, satellite images, and radar images, each dust event will be identified for the meteorological conditions that caused it. Comparison between the meteorological measurements and conditions during and those that initiate dust events as well as changes in larger climatology scales including drought and climatological indices will advance our fundamental knowledge of dust events by providing a detailed view of their spatial and temporal changes, the common types, and the meteorological conditions that cause them. The database created from this project could improve the understanding of the potential impact of dust events on climate (e.g., radiation, cloud microphysics, and precipitation processes) and impact on air quality and human health. It could also be used for better prediction methods and may serve as the basis for a national alert dust system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

沙尘事件影响着美国数百万人，是大气系统的重要而复杂的组成部分，也是大气颗粒物 (PM) 的主要自然贡献者之一。大气尘埃颗粒影响气候、经济、环境以及人类福祉和健康。人们对沙尘事件存在重大担忧，因为多项气候模型研究表明，随着气候变化的进展，预计美国各地将出现更多沙尘事件。美国的沙尘事件可能有不同的强度（扬尘与沙尘暴）和类型（天气与对流），但它们在美国的分布（空间、时间或类型）和影响尚不清楚。因此，需要更好地了解沙尘事件、时空分布、引发沙尘事件的气象条件以及在沙尘事件期间测量到的气象条件。该项目将包括几项更广泛的影响活动，包括招收本科生和研究生，重点是招收来自代表性不足的少数群体的学生、本科生实践活动、作为德克萨斯理工大学气候中心一部分的一般公共讲座，以及作为北美灰尘联盟 (DANA) 社区一部分与科学界共享从该项目检索到的信息和数据库。该项目将创建第一个全国范围的灰尘事件 该数据库将包括过去 20 年美国各地发生的扬尘事件和沙尘暴。将使用遍布美国的气象站来识别沙尘事件。将使用不同的工具（包括PM变化、卫星图像、IMPROVE、AERONET等）来确认这些沙尘事件。使用天气压力图、卫星图像和雷达图像等多种工具，可以识别每次沙尘事件的气象条件。比较沙尘事件期间和引发沙尘事件的气象测量和条件，以及包括干旱和气候指数在内的更大气候尺度的变化，将通过提供沙尘事件的空间和时间变化、常见类型以及引起沙尘事件的气象条件的详细视图，增进我们对沙尘事件的基本了解。该项目创建的数据库可以提高人们对沙尘事件对气候（例如辐射、云微物理和降水过程）的潜在影响以及对空气质量和人类健康的影响的了解。它还可以用于更好的预测方法，并可以作为国家灰尘警报系统的基础。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。