Interactions of Estuarine Physics, Sediment, and Organic Matter in Determining Suspended Particle Properties, Their Spatial and Temporal Distribution, and Resulting Water Clarity

河口物理、沉积物和有机物的相互作用在确定悬浮颗粒特性、其时空分布以及由此产生的水澄清度中的作用

基本信息

项目摘要

Water clarity in coastal and estuarine systems impacts ecosystem dynamics, influences essential habitat for key life stages of many species, and is also valuable for aesthetics and recreation. In Chesapeake Bay, water clarity has seemed particularly unresponsive to management practices, and has continued to decline over recent decades. Paradoxically, clarity has decreased more in areas with relatively low concentrations of inorganic sediment than in locations where riverine sediment loads have increased. Here it is proposed that the apparent disconnect between water clarity and input of sediment in the Chesapeake Bay and many other estuaries is related to the interaction of common estuarine flow patterns with the presence of excess organic matter. Through improved observation, modeling, and analysis of the interaction of estuarine physics with suspended organic matter and inorganic sediment, this study aims to transform understanding of the controls on water clarity in estuaries. States in the Chesapeake Bay watershed will invest billions of dollars over the next decade to further reduce runoff of nutrients and sediment. In the future, analogous investments may be required for estuarine watersheds nationwide. By evaluating how estuarine physics, organics, and sediment interact to influence water clarity, this study will provide valuable guidance on effectively investing these funds. This project will fund two PhD students on societally-relevant dissertation projects and provide engaging projects for undergraduate researchers. In many coastal settings, the interactions that determine water clarity are sensitive to particle concentration, size, density, composition, organic content, and settling velocity, yet few studies have explicitly considered how these connect to generalized estuarine turbulence and circulation patterns. The main objective of the study is to better understand the interaction of small and large scale estuarine physics with mixtures of inorganic sediment and organic matter typical of partially-mixed systems. Novel field observations and numerical models will be developed to test these ideas and focus on the York River estuary, a logistically attractive, broadly representative, partially-mixed branch of the Chesapeake Bay. Field observations will characterize physical oceanography (circulation, stratification, and turbulence), as well as particle populations (including size distribution, concentration, density, settling velocity and organic constituents). Open-source, community-supported numerical models will be implemented to further investigate feedbacks between estuarine hydrodynamics, organic content, and sediment dynamics, incorporating multiple particle sizes and densities, and new formulations for composition-dependent flocculation, as well as state-of-the-art formulations for cohesive bed behavior. This work will test the following novel hypotheses: (H1): Addition of organic material further enhances the horizontal and vertical particle sorting that characteristic to the physics of partially-mixed estuaries. (H2): Organic matter added to low concentrations of inorganic solids results in relatively small, low density flocs having slow settling velocities (Type 1 flocs). Conversely, adding organic matter to high concentrations of inorganic flocs favors larger, higher density flocs, with increased settling velocity (Type 2 flocs). (H3): Organic rich flocs (Type 1) are especially effective at attenuating sunlight because they are suspended high in the water column and have a large cross-sectional area per unit mass. The end result of interactions with estuarine physics is that the addition of organic matter to the estuary degrades water clarity in the lower estuary and improves water clarity in the upper estuary, closer to the estuarine turbidity maximum.
海岸和河口系统的水质清澈度影响生态系统动态,影响许多物种关键生命阶段的基本栖息地,对美学和娱乐也很有价值。在切萨皮克湾,水的透明度似乎对管理措施特别不敏感,近几十年来一直在下降。奇怪的是,在无机沉积物浓度相对较低的地区,透明度的下降幅度大于河流沉积物负荷增加的地区。在这里,它建议,在切萨皮克湾和许多其他河口的水的透明度和沉积物的输入之间的明显断开有关的共同河口流模式与过量有机物的存在下的相互作用。通过改进的观察,建模和河口物理与悬浮有机物和无机沉积物的相互作用的分析,本研究的目的是改变对河口水质清澈度的控制的理解。 切萨皮克湾流域的各州将在未来十年投资数十亿美元,以进一步减少养分和沉积物的径流。未来,全国河口流域可能需要类似的投资。通过评估河口物理,有机物和沉积物如何相互作用,影响水的清晰度,这项研究将提供有效地投资这些资金有价值的指导。 该项目将资助两名博士生进行与社会相关的论文项目,并为本科研究人员提供引人入胜的项目。在许多沿海环境中,确定水的透明度的相互作用是敏感的颗粒浓度,大小,密度,成分,有机物含量和沉降速度,但很少有研究明确考虑这些连接到广义河口湍流和环流模式。该研究的主要目的是更好地了解小型和大型河口物理与部分混合系统典型的无机沉积物和有机物混合物的相互作用。将开发新的实地观测和数值模型来测试这些想法,并将重点放在约克河口,一个物流上有吸引力的,具有广泛代表性的,部分混合的分支的切萨皮克湾。实地观测将描述物理海洋学(环流、分层和湍流)以及颗粒群(包括大小分布、浓度、密度、沉降速度和有机成分)的特征。开源,社区支持的数值模型将被实施,以进一步调查河口水动力学,有机物含量和沉积物动力学之间的反馈,将多种颗粒大小和密度,以及新的配方成分依赖的絮凝,以及国家的最先进的配方粘性床行为。这项工作将测试以下新的假设:(H1):有机材料的添加进一步提高了水平和垂直颗粒分选的物理特性的部分混合河口。(H2)将有机物质添加到低浓度的无机固体中会产生相对较小的低密度絮凝物,其沉降速度较慢(1型絮凝物)。相反,向高浓度的无机絮凝物中加入有机物有利于更大、更高密度的絮凝物,并增加沉降速度(2型絮凝物)。(H3)富含有机物的絮凝体(1型)在衰减阳光方面特别有效,因为它们悬浮在水柱的高处,每单位质量的横截面积很大。与河口物理相互作用的最终结果是,有机物的河口降低水的透明度在较低的河口和提高水的透明度在河口上游,更接近河口最大浑浊度。

项目成果

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Carl Friedrichs其他文献

Sediment Characterization Based on Portable Free Fall Penetrometer Measurements Using a Deep Neural Network
基于使用深度神经网络的便携式自由落体贯入计测量的沉积物表征
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2024
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Md. Rejwanur Rahman;E. Hunstein;A. Rodriguez;Nina Stark;Grace Massey;Carl Friedrichs;K. Dorgan;C. Cox
  • 通讯作者:
    C. Cox
Editorial to the INTERCOH 2017 topical collection
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10236-020-01399-9
  • 发表时间:
    2020-08-24
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.900
  • 作者:
    Francisco Pedocchi;Carl Friedrichs
  • 通讯作者:
    Carl Friedrichs

Carl Friedrichs的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Carl Friedrichs', 18)}}的其他基金

Improved Observation, Analysis and Modeling of Fine Sediment Dynamics in Turbid, Biologically Active Coastal Environments
改进浑浊、生物活跃的沿海环境中细沉积物动力学的观测、分析和建模
  • 批准号:
    1061781
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: The Role of Wind in Estuarine Dynamics
合作研究:风在河口动力学中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1061564
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative research: A Real-time and Rapid Response Observing System for the Study of Physical and Biological Controls on Muddy Seabed Deposition, Reworking and Resuspension
合作研究:用于研究泥质海底沉积、改造和再悬浮的物理和生物控制的实时快速响应观测系统
  • 批准号:
    0536572
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: How do Estuarine Turbidity Maxima Entrap Particles, Retain Zooplankton, and Promote Recruitment of Fish
合作研究:河口浑浊度极大值如何截留颗粒、保留浮游动物并促进鱼类补充
  • 批准号:
    0002529
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
CAREER: Sediment Dynamics of a Microtidal Partially-Mixed Estuary
职业:微潮部分混合河口的沉积物动力学
  • 批准号:
    9984941
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Cross-Shoreface Suspended Sediment Transport: A Response to the Intersection of Nearshore and Shelf Processes
跨岸悬浮沉积物输送:对近岸和陆架过程交叉的响应
  • 批准号:
    9504198
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

相似海外基金

REU Site: University of Maryland Eastern Shore Research Experience for Undergraduates in Marine and Estuarine Science
REU 网站:马里兰大学东岸分校海洋和河口科学本科生研究经验
  • 批准号:
    2348934
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
REU Site: Mote Marine Laboratory Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Estuarine and Coastal Sciences
REU 网站:莫特海洋实验室为河口和沿海科学本科生提供的研究经验
  • 批准号:
    2348990
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Assessment of the impact of catchment geology and groundwater discharge characteristics on river water quality and red tide formation in estuarine areas
流域地质和地下水排放特征对河口地区河流水质和赤潮形成的影响评估
  • 批准号:
    23H00724
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Collaborative Research: THE BENTHIC MICROALGAL SUBSIDY IN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
合作研究:河口生态系统中的底栖微藻补贴
  • 批准号:
    2241830
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: THE BENTHIC MICROALGAL SUBSIDY IN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
合作研究:河口生态系统中的底栖微藻补贴
  • 批准号:
    2241831
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Development and application of a non-hydrostatic quasi-3D analysis method for flood flows and waves to elucidate sediment dynamics in estuarine areas
洪水流和波浪的非静水准三维分析方法的开发和应用,以阐明河口地区的沉积物动态
  • 批准号:
    23K04050
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Monitoring of pharmaceutical contamination in estuaries across the world and assessment of the ecological risks of these molecules in estuarine system
世界河口药物污染监测及河口系统中这些分子的生态风险评估
  • 批准号:
    2748817
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Modelling Transport, Fate and Impacts of Debris in Coastal and Estuarine Waters
模拟沿海和河口水域碎片的运输、归宿和影响
  • 批准号:
    547874-2020
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
Collaborative Research: How are estuarine carbon and alkalinity dynamics influenced by macrobiota?
合作研究:河口碳和碱度动态如何受到宏观生物群的影响?
  • 批准号:
    2148951
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Lagrangian transport and patchiness of buoyant material in estuarine systems
合作研究:河口系统中浮力物质的拉格朗日输送和斑块性
  • 批准号:
    2148370
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 69.12万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
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