Time-Locked Psychophysics: Speeded Responses to Visual Stimuli

时间锁定心理物理学：对视觉刺激的快速反应

• 批准号: 2239356
• 负责人: Rhea Eskew
• 金额: $ 47.61万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2239356&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Time; Locked; Psychophysics; Speeded; Responses

Color is central to human experience, influencing our moods, our choices of foods, clothes, and indeed all our visual behavior. But much about how humans process color is still a mystery. A better understanding of human color vision has many practical applications in imaging, materials and textiles, architecture and lighting design. Many of these models are only loosely tied to basic human color mechanisms, in part because of a lack of good models of fundamental color processes. The human brain contains millions of nerve cells that respond when an event occurs in the environment. For visual stimuli, the neural responses start in the retina of the eye and are transmitted to the brain where they create our conscious awareness of the world around us. Among other things, the neural activity signals the color of the light. This process is fast, but not instantaneous. This project uses novel procedures to measure behavioral responses that are triggered by color in the very first fraction of a second of nerve activity in the eye and study how those responses change over time over a range of colors, contrasts, and adapting backgrounds. This research uses innovative psychophysical methods to explore how light adaptation and the bifurcation of neural visual signals underlie chromatic detection and color categorization. One goal is to explore whether the fastest behavioral responses are triggered by the very early activity in the light-sensitive cells of the retina of the eye. A second goal rests on the hypothesis that neural responses to the start and end of a stimulus are carried in two different nerve pathways to the brain (the ON and OFF pathways). The aim is to test whether the ON and OFF responses can be measured and studied separately, by determining whether responses triggered by the start and end of a stimulus can have different colors even though the physical stimulus is the same for both. Results from all experiments will be analyzed using advanced computational methods and compared with the known properties of nerve cells in the eye.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

颜色是人类经验的核心，影响我们的情绪，我们对食物，衣服以及我们所有视觉行为的选择。但是，关于人类如何处理颜色仍然是一个谜。对人类色觉的更好理解在成像，材料和纺织品，建筑和照明设计中具有许多实际应用。这些模型中的许多模型仅与基本的人类颜色机制息息相关，部分原因是缺乏良好的基本色彩过程模型。人脑含有数百万个神经细胞，当事件发生在环境中时。 对于视觉刺激，神经反应始于眼睛的视网膜，并传播到大脑，在那里它们创造了我们对周围世界的有意识的意识。除其他外，神经活动标志着光的颜色。 这个过程很快，但不是瞬时。 该项目使用新颖的程序来测量眼睛中神经活动的第一部分触发的行为响应，并研究这些响应如何在颜色，对比和适应背景的范围内随时间变化。这项研究使用创新的心理物理方法来探讨光适应和神经视觉信号的分叉如何构成色彩检测和颜色分类。 一个目标是探索最快的行为反应是否是由眼睛视网膜的光敏细胞中的早期活动触发的。 第二个目标取决于一个假设，即神经对刺激的起点和末端的反应在通往大脑的两个不同神经途径（开路和关闭途径）中。目的是通过确定刺激的开始和结尾触发的响应是否可以具有不同的颜色，即使两者都相同，也可以通过确定是否可以具有不同的颜色来测量和关闭响应是否可以分开测量和研究。 将使用高级计算方法分析所有实验的结果，并与眼睛中神经细胞的已知特性进行比较。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估值得支持。