The Unequal Toll of COVID-19 Deaths in Prisons

监狱中 COVID-19 死亡人数不平等

• 批准号: 2241846
• 负责人: Kristin Turney
• 金额: $ 51万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2241846&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Unequal; Toll; COVID; 19; Deaths

This project takes an in-depth look at mortality in U.S. prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has taken a devastating toll on prison populations across the United States. Incarcerated people have experienced a risk of infection five times higher and risk of death three times higher than people in the general population. Recent national data collection projects lack both demographic information on deaths and facility-level details about the characteristics of places where deaths have been concentrated. Such data collection gaps around prisons leave open questions about both the unequal repercussions of COVID-19 and the mechanisms by which people in some institutions fared better than others. Findings from this project provide the first systematic accounting of the total mortality toll in prisons across the United States—a necessary foundation for future planning for resiliency efforts.Three research questions are investigated. First, did the risk of facility-level death in prison—from COVID-19, other natural causes, and unnatural causes—during the pandemic (2020-2022) differ significantly from the facility-level risk of death in prisons in prior years (2013-2019)? Second, how are demographic characteristics associated with deaths in prisons, and did these associations differ during the pandemic from prior years? Third, how are state- and facility-level characteristics (including COVID-19 mitigation responses and carceral deprivation) associated with deaths during the pandemic? These questions are addressed by collecting (via state-by-state public records requests) and analyzing monthly facility-level data on all deaths among people in custody of each state Department of Corrections and the Federal Bureau of Prisons between 2013 and 2022. These data are supplemented and verified with 2013 data available through ICPSR, 2014-2019 count data available through the Bureau of Justice Statistics, and 2020-2022 data available through the National Death Index (NDI), vital statistics, and medical examiners’ offices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目深入研究了COVID-19大流行期间美国监狱的死亡率。COVID-19对美国各地的监狱人口造成了毁灭性的打击。被监禁者的感染风险比一般人群高5倍，死亡风险比一般人群高3倍。最近的国家数据收集项目既缺乏关于死亡的人口统计信息，也缺乏关于死亡集中地点特征的设施级详细信息。围绕监狱的这种数据收集差距，既让人们对COVID-19的不平等影响产生了疑问，也让人们对一些机构中的人比其他人过得更好的机制产生了疑问。该项目的调查结果首次系统地统计了美国监狱的总死亡率，这是未来规划恢复工作的必要基础。调查了三个研究问题。首先，在疫情大流行期间（2020-2022年），监狱设施级死亡风险——COVID-19、其他自然原因和非自然原因——与前几年（2013-2019年）监狱设施级死亡风险是否存在显著差异？第二，人口特征与监狱中的死亡有何关联，这些关联在大流行期间与前几年有何不同？第三，州和设施层面的特征（包括COVID-19缓解措施和监禁剥夺）与大流行期间的死亡有何关联？这些问题是通过收集（通过逐个州的公共记录请求）和分析每个州惩教部和联邦监狱局在2013年至2022年期间所有在押人员死亡的月度设施级数据来解决的。这些数据由ICPSR提供的2013年数据、司法统计局提供的2014-2019年统计数据以及国家死亡指数（NDI）、生命统计和法医办公室提供的2020-2022年数据补充和核实。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。