LTREB: Sexual selection over time: evolutionary dynamics and outcomes of intense male competition and female mate choice in a lek mating system

LTREB：随着时间的推移，性选择：lek交配系统中激烈的雄性竞争和雌性择偶的进化动态和结果

• 批准号: 2243423
• 负责人: Emily DuVal
• 金额: $ 68.96万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2243423&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Sexual; selection; over; time

The purpose of this project is to understand how evolution by sexual selection occurs. It analyzes how differences in which individuals produce offspring and how many offspring they produce lead to population-wide changes in behavior or morphology. In natural populations, some individuals are often more successful than others at producing offspring. This is especially true in “lek” mating species, where males display to many females in one location, and females visit many males before mating. Iconic examples of such behavior occur in peacocks, birds-of-paradise, and small tropical birds called manakins. This project builds on long-term monitoring of behavior in the lance-tailed manakin to investigate patterns of individual reproductive success. By following the fate of individual manakins and linking individual behavior and other traits to genetically measured reproductive success, researchers will measure the strength of both natural and sexual selection in a wild population. Broader impacts of this work include intensive independent research opportunities for undergraduate students, internationally and on the university campus. A collaboration hosts a live stream of manakin display activity with supporting in-depth and accurate content about evolution and behavior. The work produces training opportunities for post-graduates and graduate students, who will take part in data collection and outreach.This project advances three key areas of research in evolution and animal behavior. First, it characterizes temporal variation in the potential for sexual selection to occur (measured as standardized reproductive variance). To do so, the work investigates three hypothesized sources of this variation: breeding synchrony, climactic variation, and variation in the availability of preferred mates. Second, it draws on strengths of the long-term dataset to incorporate changes that occur across individual lifespans into analyses of sexual selection. This allows for the separation of developmental from selective processes to more accurately characterize targets of selection. Long-term data include video of displays by the same males across their breeding tenure, and these will be analyzed to objectively measure changes in display performance over time. Finally, this study directly quantifies genetic changes in the population over time. These data will be used to assess the relative contribution of multiple sources of evolutionary change, including viability selection, gene flow, and drift as well as sexual selection. Samples archived during this study build potential for later genomic analysis to understand the genes underlying sexual selection.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的目的是了解性选择进化的方式。它分析了个体产生后代的差异以及产生多少后代导致人口范围内的行为或形态变化。在天然人群中，有些人通常比其他人在生产后代更成功。在“ Lek”交配物种中尤其如此，男性在一个地方向许多女性展示，而女性在交配之前拜访了许多男性。这种行为的标志性例子出现在孔雀，植物鸟和称为Manakins的小型热带鸟类中。该项目建立在长期监测长尾尾的Manakin中的行为，以研究个人生殖成功的模式。通过遵循单个人的命运，将个体行为和其他特征与基因测量的复制成功联系起来，研究人员将在野生人群中衡量自然和性选择的强度。这项工作的更广泛的影响包括在国际和大学校园内为本科生的密集独立研究机会。一个协作托管了Mankin显示活动的实时流，具有有关进化和行为的深入和准确的内容。这项工作为研究生和研究生提供了培训机会，他们将参加数据收集和推广。该项目推动了进化和动物行为研究的三个关键领域。首先，它表征了发生性选择的暂时变化（以标准化的生殖方差测量）。为此，工作研究了这种差异的三个假设来源：繁殖同步，木纹变异和优先伴侣的可用性变化。其次，它借鉴了长期数据集的优势，将各个救生衣中发生的变化纳入性选择分析。这允许将发展与选择性过程分开，以更准确地表征选择目标。长期数据包括同一男性在其育种任期中的展示视频，这些视频将经过分析以客观地衡量随着时间的推移显示性能的变化。最后，这项研究直接量化了人群随时间变化的量化。这些数据将用于评估进化变化多种来源的相对贡献，包括生存力选择，基因流和钻孔以及性选择。在这项研究中存档的样本为后来的基因组分析建立了了解性选择的基因的潜力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为是通过评估而被视为珍贵的。