Collaborative Research: Did the Neogene aridification drive adaptive ecological radiation in an ancient plant lineage?

合作研究:新近纪干旱是否驱动了古代植物谱系的适应性生态辐射?

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2243970
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 90.15万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-04-01 至 2026-03-31
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Living organisms that evolved hundreds of millions of years ago are often considered relics or "living fossils" because they seem unchanged from their extinct, fossilized progenitors. Of all ancient taxa regarded as living relics, cycads are particularly notable because recent evidence suggests extant cycads may not be relics at all, but instead evolved during the Neogene period (~20My ago). This time period was characterized by declining temperatures, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and the expansion of arid regions. This research asks whether Neogene climate change drove the diversification of cycads as they evolved their anatomy and physiology in response to the new conditions. This integrative approach that spans from cells to whole plants will provide a novel perspective on cycad evolution and test whether this ancient lineage experienced concurrent and parallel evolution on multiple continents hundreds of millions of years after the origin of cycads. The proposed work is especially critical because cycads are among the most endangered plant groups on Earth, with ~70% of species threatened with extinction, primarily due to habitat destruction and poaching. Perhaps no other lineage of plants disappearing at such an alarming rate can provide as unique an opportunity to examine one of the earliest experiments of seed plant evolution, and our results will directly inform conservation practices. This project will provide research experiences for graduate students and undergraduates at University of Wisconsin-Madison and Florida International University, one of the nation's largest Hispanic Serving Institutions, as well as research-driven field courses for undergraduates. This research will uncover the ecological and evolutionary processes that have generated the extant diversity of one of the oldest and most unusual groups of seed plants, the cycads. To determine whether Neogene diversification of cycads was enabled by adaptive trait evolution, the project will: (A) characterize the diversity of cycad anatomical traits (e.g. anatomical traits of stomata, bundle sheath extensions, transfusion tissue, and xylem) and test their impacts on gas exchange and hydraulic responses to abiotic conditions (e.g. light, CO2, VPD, drought), (B) test whether these anatomical and physiological traits are linked to species’ distributions in climate space, and (C) determine whether the timing and order of trait evolution corresponded to Neogene climate change. By leveraging the unusual anatomical trait combinations exhibited by cycads, this research may have far reaching impacts in plant physiology, ecology, and evolution by: (A) revealing the significance of anatomical traits with poorly known function(s) that are also found in other plant groups (e.g., bundle sheath extensions, transfusion tissue), (B) characterizing the function of trait combinations that are exceptionally rare among extant plants but commonly found in extinct taxa (e.g., tracheids and homogeneous pits) thus allowing new insight into the function of extinct lineages and better contextualizing the sequence of physiological trait evolution in vascular plants, and (C) testing long-standing hypotheses about the repeatability and predictability of evolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
数亿年前进化的生物体通常被认为是遗迹或“活化石”,因为它们与灭绝的祖先相比似乎没有变化。在所有被认为是活遗迹的古代分类群中,苏铁特别值得注意,因为最近的证据表明现存的苏铁可能根本不是遗迹,而是在新第三纪时期(约20年前)进化而来的。这一时期的特点是气温下降,大气中二氧化碳浓度和干旱地区的扩大。这项研究询问了新第三纪气候变化是否推动了苏铁的多样化,因为它们进化了解剖学和生理学以应对新的条件。这种从细胞到整个植物的综合方法将为苏铁进化提供一个新的视角,并测试这种古老的谱系是否在苏铁起源后数亿年在多个大陆上经历了同时和平行的进化。这项拟议的工作尤其重要,因为苏铁是地球上最濒危的植物群体之一,约70%的物种面临灭绝的威胁,主要是由于栖息地破坏和偷猎。也许没有其他以如此惊人的速度消失的植物谱系可以提供一个独特的机会来研究种子植物进化的最早实验之一,我们的结果将直接为保护实践提供信息。该项目将为威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校和佛罗里达国际大学的研究生和本科生提供研究经验,该大学是美国最大的西班牙裔服务机构之一,并为本科生提供研究驱动的实地课程。 这项研究将揭示生态和进化过程,这些过程产生了最古老和最不寻常的种子植物之一苏铁的现存多样性。为了确定苏铁类植物的新近纪多样化是否是由适应性性状进化实现的,该项目将:(A)描述苏铁解剖特征的多样性(如气孔、维管束鞘延伸、输注组织和木质部的解剖特征),并测试它们对非生物条件下气体交换和水力响应的影响(B)检验这些解剖学和生理学性状是否与物种在气候空间中的分布有关;(C)确定性状进化的时间和顺序是否与新近纪气候变化相对应。通过利用苏铁所表现出的不寻常的解剖性状组合,这项研究可能对植物生理学、生态学和进化产生深远的影响:(A)揭示在其他植物群中也发现的功能知之甚少的解剖性状的重要性(例如,维管束鞘延伸,输血组织),(B)表征在现存植物中异常罕见但在灭绝分类群中常见的性状组合的功能(例如,管胞和均质纹孔),从而使新的洞察力的功能灭绝谱系和更好地contextualizing序列的生理性状进化维管植物,和(C)测试长期存在的假设有关的可重复性和可预测性的演变。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已被认为是值得支持的评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

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Katherine McCulloh其他文献

Katherine McCulloh的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Katherine McCulloh', 18)}}的其他基金

RAPID: Collaborative Research: What are the Mechanisms of Tree Recovery after an Extreme Episodic Drought?
RAPID:合作研究:极端偶发性干旱后树木恢复的机制是什么?
  • 批准号:
    1549897
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 90.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: How do seedlings survive? Hydraulics, carbon acquisition and drought tolerance in the earliest phases of tree growth
合作研究:幼苗如何存活?
  • 批准号:
    1146751
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 90.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The plant hydraulic continuum from root to leaf: avoidance of catastrophic xylem failure under dynamic conditions
从根到叶的植物水力连续体:避免动态条件下灾难性的木质部失效
  • 批准号:
    0919871
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 90.15万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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    2008
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Research on the Rapid Growth Mechanism of KDP Crystal
  • 批准号:
    10774081
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    2007
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  • 项目类别:
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