Collaborative Research: NSFGEO-NERC: C-FORCE Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks from Response to Carbon Emissions

合作研究：NSFGEO-NERC：碳排放响应的 C-FORCE 碳循环反馈

• 批准号: 2244896
• 负责人: James Zachos
• 金额: $ 30.36万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-11-15 至 2027-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2244896&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NSFGEO; NERC; FORCE

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a global warming event roughly 56 million years ago. The PETM coincided with major volcanism, when opening of the North Atlantic Ocean led to the formation of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. However, it is not clear what fraction of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide across the PETM was caused by volcanism. It is also unclear whether carbon cycle feedbacks influenced the carbon dioxide increase. This project will use geophysical, geochemical, and numerical modeling techniques to quantify the net global carbon cycle feedbacks across the PETM. The project’s US participants will generate detailed new records of ocean chemistry and develop novel modeling strategies. Together, these will help determine whether volcanic emissions can explain the magnitude and pace of PETM environmental change. This project will support a postdoctoral researcher at UC Santa Cruz and will provide support and internship research opportunities for undergraduate students from UC Riverside. This is a project that is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate of Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget and the investigators associated with its own country.To address uncertainties in carbon cycle feedbacks on a warming planet, the project will measure how the global carbon cycle responded during a past period of global warming that was driven by emissions of carbon-based greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is the largest natural climate change event of the last 65 million years, and the closest natural analog to the modern rates of global warming and carbon greenhouse gas emissions. During the PETM, initial global warming of 4-5 degrees C over a few thousand years was partially driven by carbon emissions from an unusually massive episode of volcanism, and the climate then gradually recovered to its pre-existing state over more than 100 thousand years. The project will use a novel model of the global carbon cycle to compare the carbon supplied by volcanism with the total PETM carbon budget; the difference between these two budgets can be attributed to carbon cycle feedbacks. First, the project team will make new high-resolution estimates of the rate at which volcanism supplied carbon to the atmosphere throughout the PETM by measuring the processes that generated the magma. Next, new high-resolution records of ocean acidification will constrain calculations of the total budget of carbon emissions to the atmosphere that caused the climate change. Finally, carbon cycle modeling will allow the scientists who make these two sets of measurements to interface effectively to solve the net global carbon cycle feedback problem for the first time. Furthermore, because Earth's carbon reservoirs differ in isotopic composition, this project will fingerprint which reservoirs most likely acted as carbon sources or sinks over the course of the PETM.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

古新世 - 新世热最大（PETM）是一个大约5600万年前的全球变暖事件。当北大西洋开放导致北大西洋火山省的形成时，佩特姆与主要的火山主义相吻合。但是，尚不清楚整个PETM的大气二氧化碳增加是由火山造成的。尚不清楚碳循环反馈是否影响二氧化碳增加。该项目将使用地球物理，地球化学和数值建模技术来量化整个PETM的全球碳循环反馈。该项目的美国参与者将生成海洋化学的详细记录，并制定新颖的建模策略。这些将共同确定火山排放是否可以解释PETM环境变化的幅度和空间。该项目将支持加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的博士后研究人员，并将为UC Riverside的本科生提供支持和实习研究机会。这是一个由国家科学基金会地球科学局（NSF/GEO）和英国国家环境研究委员会（NERC）共同资助的项目，该项目通过NSF/GEO-GEO-NERC领先机构协议。该协议允许该机构提交和同行评审的一项联合提案，其调查员的预算比例最大。成功确定奖励后，每个机构都资助了预算的比例以及与其国家 /国家相关的调查人员。解决碳循环反馈的不确定性在变暖星球上的不确定性，该项目将衡量在过去的全球变暖期间，全球碳循环如何由碳基绿化绿化气体驱动到大气中。古新世热最大（PETM）是过去6500万年的最大自然气候变化事件，也是与全球变暖和碳温室气体排放量的现代天然类似物。在PETM期间，在数千年内，最初的4-5度C的全球变暖部分是由于异常大规模的火山主义发作的碳排放驱动的，随后气候在超过100千年的时间内逐渐恢复到其先前存在的状态。该项目将使用全球碳循环的新型模型来比较火山含量的碳与PETM碳预算的总模型；这两个预算之间的差异可以归因于碳循环反馈。首先，该项目团队将通过测量产生岩浆的过程来对火山症向整个PETM的大气中提供碳提供碳的速率进行新的高分辨率估计。接下来，海洋酸化的新高分辨率记录将限制碳排放总预算的计算，从而导致气候变化的大气。最后，碳循环建模将使这两组测量值的科学家有效地接口，以首次解决净全球碳循环反馈问题。此外，由于地球的碳储层在同位素组成方面有所不同，因此该项目将指纹在PETM的整个过程中最有可能充当碳源或沉没的指纹。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的智力功能和广泛的影响来评估Criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria criteria均被视为珍贵。