Processing speaker's meaning: Epistemic state, cooperation, commitment

处理说话者的含义：认知状态、合作、承诺

• 批准号: 254822891
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Petra Schumacher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Literatur I
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/254822891?language=en
• 关键词: Processing; speaker; meaning; Epistemic; state

This project seeks to advance our knowledge of the online comprehension of speaker's meaning, i.e. the identification and if necessary reconstruction of the mental representation and intentions of the speaker when making a particular utterance. Our research in experimental pragmatics departs from two distinct points of view. The first line of investigation pursues the role of particular pragmatic aspects of speaker's meaning in language processing, including epistemic states, cooperation, reliability and commitment. The second line seeks to assess and advance a neuro-cognitively plausible model of language comprehension and its predictions for pragmatic processing. In previous research on perspective-based reasoning, we have seen that speaker-specific epistemic states affect language comprehension, that different knowledge states are taken into consideration in offline truth value judgment, and that perspective taking changes over time. In this project phase, we plan to further explore the source for these processing effects as well as the temporal dynamics of perspective-based reasoning. We also want to expand the research on speaker-specific effects to situations in which the speaker might be expected to blatantly violate the first submaxim of Quality ('do not say what you believe to be false'), i.e. when she is known as a notorious liar or comedian and to situations in which there is reasonable doubt that the speaker adheres to the maxim of Quality. Crucially, the research question we pursue through this line of research is to find out whether the consequences of these speaker-specific traits are computed in parallel and result in early modifications of what is to be expected from a cooperative speaker or whether quality inferences are computed automatically and a switch to a non-bona-fide mode is initiated subsequently. We also investigate speaker's perspective and truth conditional commitment through the processing of conventional implicatures involved in narrowing, ordering and expressive content. This will allow us to identify potential similarities and differences in the processing of different implicatures, which may be of qualitative or quantitative nature. This project is integral to the common goals of the Priority Program 1727 'XPrag.de: New Pragmatic Theories based on Experimental Evidence' by using diverse experimental methods to address questions of pragmatic processing. It combines behavioral data from truth value judgment tasks with time-sensitive measures from electrophysiology, mouse tracking and speed accuracy trade-off. It attends to new aspects of speaker's meaning and seeks to identify the commonalities and differences of different pragmatic mechanisms. It is further essential for the goal of XPrag.de to formulate a biologically plausible language architecture on the basis of real-time comprehension data.

该项目旨在促进我们对说话者含义的在线理解的了解，即，在制作特定话语时的心理表示和意图时的身份和必要的重建。我们在实验性实用主义者方面的研究脱离了两种不同的观点。第一道调查追求说话者含义在语言处理中的特定务实方面的作用，包括认知国家，合作，可靠性和承诺。第二行试图评估和推进语言理解的神经认知合理模型及其对实用处理的预测。在先前关于基于透视的推理的研究中，我们已经看到说话者特定的认知状态会影响语言理解，在离线真理价值判断中考虑了不同的知识状态，并且观点会随着时间的推移而变化。在这个项目阶段，我们计划进一步探索这些处理效果的来源以及基于观点的推理的时间动态。 我们还希望将有关说话者特异性效果的研究扩展到可能会公然违反质量的第一个超Xim（“不要说您认为是虚假的话”）的情况，即当她被称为臭名昭著的骗子或喜剧演员时，并且有合理的情况是否有合理的情况表明，发言人对质量的最高质量构成了质量。至关重要的是，我们通过这项研究提出的研究问题是找出这些说话者特异性性状的后果是并行计算的，并早期对合作讲师的预期进行了早期修改，或者是否会自动计算质量推论，并且随后启动了转向非野牛模式。 我们还通过处理狭窄，秩序和表达内容所涉及的传统含义，调查说话者的观点和真理条件承诺。这将使我们能够确定可能具有定性或定量性质的不同含义的处理中的潜在相似性和差异。该项目是优先计划1727'xprag.de的共同目标的组成部分：基于实验证据的新务实理论“通过使用各种实验方法来解决务实处理的问题。它将来自真实价值判断任务的行为数据与电生理学，鼠标跟踪和速度准确度权衡的时间敏感措施结合在一起。它关注说话者含义的新方面，并试图确定不同务实机制的共同点和差异。对于Xprag.de的目标而言，基于实时理解数据制定生物学上合理的语言体系结构是必不可少的。