LITHOS-CAPP-2 (LITHOspheric Structure of Caledonian, Archaean and Proterozoic Provinces)

大陆碰撞和造山是形成地球表面的全球板块构造的基本过程。喜马拉雅山脉正在进行的碰撞以类似的方式多次发生在斯堪的纳维亚的波罗的海地盾。今天，这些喜马拉雅型山脉被严重侵蚀，但部分地区仍处于相对较高的海拔。支撑长时间跨度的高地形的动态力尚未完全了解，例如，斯堪的纳维亚山脉没有找到均衡支撑的地壳根源。为了更好地了解波罗的海地盾的演化和现状，进行了一项名为扫描阵列的国际地震学实验。主要目标是用现代技术对地壳和上地幔进行成像。德国的LITOS-CAPP(加里东省、太古界和元古界的岩石球结构)改进了野外实验部分，并通过数据档案进行了改进。远震横波和面波的研究被进行了前所未有的详细的三维结构成像。一个主要的焦点是地震各向异性，这是过去和现在地球动力学过程的岩石物理标志。此外，还利用干涉测量法从地震噪声中提取了波相，并将这些波相用于结构研究。

The collision of continents and mountain building are fundamentalprocesses of global plate tectonics which shape the Earth surface.The ongoing collision of the Himalayas happened in a similar fashionseveral times in the Baltic Shield, Scandinavia. Today theseHimalaya-type mountain ranges are deeply eroded, but they are stillpartly at relatively high elevation. The dynamic forces which supporthigh topography for long timespans are not yet completelyunderstood, e.g. no crustal root for isostatic support was found for theScandinavian mountain range. For a better understanding of theevolution and current state of the Baltic Shield an internationalseismological experiment called ScanArray was carried out. The maingoals are the imaging of the crust and upper mantle with moderntechniques. The German contribution LITHOS-CAPP (LITHOsphericStructure of Caledonian, Archaean and Proterozoic Provinces)improved the experimental part in the field as well as by data archival.The study of teleseismic shear waves and surface waves is done toimage the 3-D structure in unprecedented details. A main focus isseismic anisotropy which is a petrophysical marker of past andpresent geodynamic processes. In addition, wave phases areextracted from the seismic noise using interferometry and thesephases are also used for structural studies.