ABR: Genetic Technology Development and International Security Efforts: Renewal

ABR：遗传技术发展和国际安全努力：续展

• 批准号: 2301648
• 负责人: Noah Tamarkin
• 金额: $ 14.08万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-15 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2301648&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ABR; Genetic; Technology; Development; International

Genomics has become increasingly important for law and policing, as evidenced by the proliferation of national criminal DNA databases throughout the world. New national criminal DNA databases, once limited to high-income countries, are becoming widespread in middle-income countries and they are also beginning to be established in low-income countries. But DNA databases require infrastructural resources and expertise to implement and maintain. How are places that are marked by capacity challenges and conditions of scarcity establishing and running DNA databases under these conditions, and how might their strategies inform the global future of this phenomenon? How does DNA become transformed into something that is reliable and useful in national legal contexts and in international security efforts, and what are the consequences for how science and citizenship are lived and experienced? This research project will address these questions by investigating the intersection between genomics and law, related infrastructural investments, and the networks of people who must work together to transform genetic data into legally legible evidence. Further, this project supports the methods and data analysis training of two graduate students.This research is supported as an accomplishment-based renewal of highly successful project exploring how the use of genetic technologies in criminal law might change experiences and forms of citizenship as well as social and cultural understandings of science and what constitutes reliable evidence. This research extends that completed through a previous grant by further investigating global criminal forensic genetics as an emerging and expanding citizenship formation with interconnected local, national, and transnational influences and implications. The research will take place in a middle-income context that has been implementing and expanding a 2015 law that creates a criminal DNA database for which the police force has primary responsibility. The project will use ethnographic methodologies to consider how a cross-section of people from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds who have different forms of expertise and different ideas about the meaning of science and justice are brought together through their roles in enacting investments in forensic genetics. The project will include police, forensic laboratories, courtrooms, and NGOs and private companies that contribute to forensic genetics training and advocacy. In this research context investment in genomics for law enforcement is new and actively expanding throughout the research period. Those current investments raise important questions about the global scope and scale, and the local specificity and variation, of intersections between genomics and law. This research therefore offers an actively emerging view into how DNA comes to matter in new ways as it moves out of research laboratories and into a broader public sphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

基因组学对法律和警务越来越重要，全世界各国刑事DNA数据库的激增就是证明。新的国家犯罪DNA数据库曾经仅限于高收入国家，现在正在中等收入国家普及，低收入国家也开始建立。但是DNA数据库需要基础设施资源和专业知识来实施和维护。在这些条件下，以能力挑战和稀缺条件为特征的地方如何建立和运行DNA数据库，以及他们的战略如何为这一现象的全球未来提供信息？DNA如何转变为在国家法律的背景下和国际安全努力中可靠和有用的东西，以及科学和公民身份如何生活和体验的后果是什么？该研究项目将通过调查基因组学与法律之间的交叉点，相关的基础设施投资以及必须共同努力将遗传数据转化为合法证据的人员网络来解决这些问题。此外，该项目还支持对两名研究生进行方法和数据分析培训。该研究是对非常成功的项目的一个基于证据的更新，该项目探讨了在刑法中使用基因技术如何改变公民的经验和形式，以及社会和文化对科学的理解，以及什么构成可靠的证据。这项研究通过进一步调查全球刑事法医遗传学作为一个新兴的和不断扩大的公民身份形成与相互关联的地方，国家和跨国的影响和影响，扩展了通过以前的赠款完成。该研究将在中等收入背景下进行，该背景一直在实施和扩大2015年的一项法律，该法律创建了一个刑事DNA数据库，警察部队对此负有主要责任。该项目将使用人种学方法来考虑如何通过他们在制定法医遗传学投资中的作用，将来自不同社会经济背景的人的横截面聚集在一起，这些人对科学和正义的意义具有不同形式的专业知识和不同的想法。该项目将包括警察、法医实验室、法庭、非政府组织和私营公司，以促进法医遗传学培训和宣传。在这种研究背景下，对执法基因组学的投资是新的，并在整个研究期间积极扩大。这些目前的投资提出了关于基因组学和法律之间交叉的全球范围和规模以及地方特异性和变化的重要问题。因此，这项研究提供了一个积极的新兴观点，即DNA如何以新的方式从研究实验室走向更广泛的公共领域。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。