ABR: Genetic Technology Development and International Security Efforts: Renewal

基因组学在法律和治安方面变得越来越重要，世界各地国家犯罪DNA数据库的激增证明了这一点。曾经仅限于高收入国家的新的国家犯罪DNA数据库正在中等收入国家普及，它们也开始在低收入国家建立。但DNA数据库需要基础设施资源和专业知识来实施和维护。那些以能力挑战和稀缺条件为标志的地方如何在这些条件下建立和运行DNA数据库，它们的战略将如何为这一现象的全球未来提供信息？DNA如何转变成在国家法律背景和国际安全努力中可靠和有用的东西，以及对如何生活和体验科学和公民身份的后果是什么？这项研究项目将通过调查基因组学和法律、相关的基础设施投资以及必须共同努力将基因数据转化为法律上可辨认的证据的人的网络来解决这些问题。此外，该项目还支持对两名研究生的方法和数据分析培训。这项研究作为一个非常成功的项目的基于成就的更新得到了支持，该项目探讨了在刑法中使用基因技术如何改变公民的经历和形式以及对科学的社会和文化理解，以及什么构成了可靠的证据。这项研究通过进一步研究全球刑事法医遗传学，作为一种新兴的和不断扩大的公民身份形成，具有相互关联的本地、国家和跨国影响和影响，扩展了通过先前的拨款完成的工作。这项研究将在中等收入的背景下进行，该背景一直在实施和扩大2015年的一项法律，该法律创建了一个犯罪DNA数据库，警察部队对此负有主要责任。该项目将使用人种学方法来考虑如何通过他们在制定法医遗传学投资方面的作用，将具有不同形式的专业知识和对科学和司法的意义有不同想法的不同社会经济背景的不同群体聚集在一起。该项目将包括警察、法医实验室、法庭以及为法医遗传学培训和宣传做出贡献的非政府组织和私营公司。在这一研究背景下，在整个研究期间，对执法用基因组学的投资是新的和积极扩大的。这些目前的投资提出了一些重要的问题，涉及基因组学和法律之间的交叉的全球范围和规模，以及局部的特殊性和变异性。因此，这项研究为DNA如何在走出研究实验室并进入更广泛的公共领域时以新的方式产生问题提供了一个积极的新兴观点。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Genomics has become increasingly important for law and policing, as evidenced by the proliferation of national criminal DNA databases throughout the world. New national criminal DNA databases, once limited to high-income countries, are becoming widespread in middle-income countries and they are also beginning to be established in low-income countries. But DNA databases require infrastructural resources and expertise to implement and maintain. How are places that are marked by capacity challenges and conditions of scarcity establishing and running DNA databases under these conditions, and how might their strategies inform the global future of this phenomenon? How does DNA become transformed into something that is reliable and useful in national legal contexts and in international security efforts, and what are the consequences for how science and citizenship are lived and experienced? This research project will address these questions by investigating the intersection between genomics and law, related infrastructural investments, and the networks of people who must work together to transform genetic data into legally legible evidence. Further, this project supports the methods and data analysis training of two graduate students.This research is supported as an accomplishment-based renewal of highly successful project exploring how the use of genetic technologies in criminal law might change experiences and forms of citizenship as well as social and cultural understandings of science and what constitutes reliable evidence. This research extends that completed through a previous grant by further investigating global criminal forensic genetics as an emerging and expanding citizenship formation with interconnected local, national, and transnational influences and implications. The research will take place in a middle-income context that has been implementing and expanding a 2015 law that creates a criminal DNA database for which the police force has primary responsibility. The project will use ethnographic methodologies to consider how a cross-section of people from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds who have different forms of expertise and different ideas about the meaning of science and justice are brought together through their roles in enacting investments in forensic genetics. The project will include police, forensic laboratories, courtrooms, and NGOs and private companies that contribute to forensic genetics training and advocacy. In this research context investment in genomics for law enforcement is new and actively expanding throughout the research period. Those current investments raise important questions about the global scope and scale, and the local specificity and variation, of intersections between genomics and law. This research therefore offers an actively emerging view into how DNA comes to matter in new ways as it moves out of research laboratories and into a broader public sphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.